2. COMMON CELL TRAITS A cell is the basic unit of all living organisms.

3. Prokaryotic Cells (Pro = before Karyotic = nucleus) cells without membrane- bound structures No real nucleus, the DNA is in the cytoplasm Examples: bacteria

4. Eukaryotic Cells (Eu= real karyotic = nucleus) cells with membrane- bound structures Has a real nucleus EX: animals, plants, fungi

5. Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells (Pro = Before Eu= real Karyotic = nucleus)

6. Eukaryotes are larger

7. 3 types of Eukaryotes Animals Plants Fungi

8. Plant Cells and Animal Cells

9. Plant Cells and Fungi Cells

10. Comparing Cells SizeCell WallNucleusChloroplastsVacuole BacteriaSmallMade of Peptidoglycan N0NoSome bacteria have a large vacuole FungiBigMade of ChitinYesNoYes PlantBigMade of CelluloseYes Large AnimalBigNoYesNoSmall or absent

11. COMPARING CELLS The size & shape of a cell relates to its function.

12. Specialised Cells You are expected to be able to recognise the following specialised cells Root hair cells – absorption Xylem vessels – conduction (transport) and support Palisade Mesophyll – Photosynthesis Ciliated cells – in respiratory tract Muscle cells – contraction Red blood cells – transport Nerve Cells – Conduction of impulses Sperm & Egg cells - Reproduction

13. Root hair cell Absorbs minerals and water from the soil Large Surface area

14. Xylem Cells Transports water and minerals from roots to rest of plant Dead cells: cell walls form a tube

15. Palisade Mesophyll Cells Boxy shape to pack as many cells as possible at the top of the leaf

16. Ciliated Cells Found in the Airways Cilia move out mucus

17. Muscle cells Long Cells Function is to contract Many cells form a regular pattern 3 types (skeletal, smooth, cardiac)

18. Red Blood Cells Transports oxygen Large surface area No Nucleus

19. Nerve Cells Long Axon to transport electrical signals

20. Sperm Cells Sperm cells have a tail (flagellum) for swimming

21. Egg Cells Egg Cells are large because they contain food for the developing embryo

22. White Blood Cells White Blood Cell destroys germs

23. Brain Cells Brain Cells control

24. Cell structures You are expected to be able to recognise the following parts of a cell Cell surface membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Vacuole (Mitochondria) Cell Wall (plant cells only) Chloroplast (plant cells only Other structures are

25. Animal Cells

26. Cell (Surface) Membrane Outer covering, protective layer Allows food, oxygen, & water into the cell allows waste products out of the cell.

27. Cytoplasm Jelly-like, inside cell membrane constantly flows

28. Organelles The Cytoplasm contains several specialized structures They are called organelles

29. Nucleus Controls all cell activities Contains DNA Usually the largest organelle It is the ‘brain’ of the cell

30. Mitochondria Organelles where Respiration happens They are the ‘Power Plant’ of the cell Some muscle cells have 20,000 mitochondria 1 Mitochondrion – 2 Mitochondria

31. VACUOLES Used for Food Storage Animal cells can have more than 1 small vacuole Plant Cells have 1 big vacuole

32. PLANT CELLS Plant Cells have all organelles animal cells have And a few that are only found in plant cells

33. CELL WALL Protects the plant cell Gives shape Made of Cellulose

34. CHLOROPLASTS Green make food by Photosynthesis found only in plant cells

35. CHLOROPHYLL A green pigment that gives leaves & stems their color Captures sunlight energy that for Photosynthesis to produce Glucose

36. Animal Cell

38. Plant Cell

40. 1- Nucleus 2- Chromosomes 3- Mitochondria 4- Ribosomes 5- Chloroplasts 6- Vacuoles 7- ER 8- Cell Membrane

41. NAME THE ORGANELLE d. Mitochondria b. Chloroplast c. Golgi bodya. Nucleus

42. FROM CELL TO ORGANISM Cell The basic unit of life Tissue Group of cells working together Organ Group of tissues working together Organism Any living thing made of 1 or more cells Organ System Group of organs working together