1. Safer Skies The Safer Skies agenda originated in 1998 when the Administrator and her team identified the most critical and most common causes for aviation accidents.

2. Risk Management The Safer Skies program in general is about identifying risk issues and doing something about them.

3. Aviation Weather 27% of all aviation accidents are weather- related, and that over 90% of all weather accidents were caused by pilot error, deficiencies in pilot judgment, and shortcomings having to do with any number of other problems of pilot origin 27%

4. Aviation Weather 27% of all aviation accidents are weather- related, and that over 90% of all weather accidents were caused by pilot error, deficiencies in pilot judgment, and shortcomings having to do with any number of other problems of pilot origin Over 90%

5. Information Management A pilot needs to go beyond just knowing about weather;

6. Information Management A pilot needs to know how to plan for it and deal with it in the course of a flight

7. Pilot Responsibility It’s not weather that crashes airplanes... It’s pilots making bad decisions about weather

8. PPP A simple way to apply the decision making process is the three P’s... Perceive, Process, Perform

9. Dangerous Business 9087 general aviation accidents in an estimated 138 million flight hours.

10. Dangerous Business 9087 general aviation accidents in an estimated 138 million flight hours one accident for every 1500 flight hours

11. Dangerous Business 9087 general aviation accidents in an estimated 138 million flight hours. one accident for every 1500 flight hours Of these 9087 accidents, 1716 were fatal

12. Dangerous Business 9087 general aviation accidents in an estimated 138 million flight hours. one accident for every 1500 flight hours

13. Dangerous Business Of these 9087 accidents, 1716 were fatal resulting in 2976 deaths 27% of all G.A. accidents are weather related

14. Dangerous Business 27% of all G.A. accidents are weather related 490 per year relate to weather 30% of weather accidents are fatal

15. Dangerous Business 254 deaths per year that can be attributed to weather and pilots’ inability to cope with the conditions and the circumstances

16. Solutions Knowledge Training Discipline

17. Solutions KNOWLEDGE Common Sense Education

18. Solutions KNOWLEDGE Common Sense Education

19. Solutions TRAINING Initial Training

20. Solutions TRAINING Initial Training Additional Aircraft

21. Solutions TRAINING Initial Training Additional Aircraft Additional Ratings

22. Solutions TRAINING Initial Training Additional Aircraft Additional Ratings Experience

23. Solutions TRAINING Initial Training Additional Aircraft Additional Ratings Experience Competency Checks

24. Solutions TRAINING Initial Training Additional Aircraft Additional Ratings Experience Competency Checks Recurrent Training

25. Solutions DISCIPLINE Practice

26. Solutions DISCIPLINE Practice Currency

27. Solutions DISCIPLINE Practice Currency Review

28. Solutions DISCIPLINE Practice Currency Review Commitment

29. Weather Information Presentation Understanding

30. Weather Sources Official Sources NWS FAA

31. Weather Sources Sources DUATS DTN WSI NWS ARTCC TWEB/AWOS/ASOS/ATIS

32. Weather Sources NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE

33. Weather Sources NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AVIATION WEATHER CENTER

34. Weather Sources NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AVIATION WEATHER CENTER NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION

35. Weather Sources NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AVIATION WEATHER CENTER NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION

36. What Do You Need? LOCAL FLIGHT PLANNING Wind Visibility Developing Weather

37. What Do You Need? BEYOND VICINITY Current information per FAR 91.103

38. Weather Threats Turbulence Convection Icing Obstructions to Visibility

39. Weather Threats Frontal Boundaries

40. Weather Threats Air Mass

41. Weather Threats Fronts

42. Weather Threats Fronts Cold Front Unstable Warm Front stable

43. Weather Threats Warm Frontal Region conducive to: Icing Fog Low level clouds Rain/Mist

44. Weather Threats Icing Moisture Temperatures between +2º Celsius and - 40º Celsius

45. Weather Threats Icing Options Turn Around Ascend Descend

46. Weather Threats Icing Rime Clear

47. Weather Threats Icing Rime Opaque Milky Colored

48. Weather Threats Icing Clear Less Opaque Denser Smoother SLD

49. Weather Threats Clear Air Turbulence Hundreds of Miles Downwind Leeward of Mountains

50. Weather Threats Thunderstorms Cumulonimbus Unstable Air

51. Weather Threats Thunderstorms Growth

52. Weather Threats Thunderstorms Mature

53. Weather Threats Thunderstorms Dissipating

54. Weather Threats Microbursts Sudden and Intense Windstorms Preceding a Thunderstorm

55. Weather Threats Obscuration to Visibility Fog Low Ceilings Haze

56. Weather Information Pre-flight Newspaper Radio Internet Telephone Personal Briefing Personal Observation

57. Weather Information In-flight Personal Observation ARTCC/ATC Radio Contact with FSS AWOS/ASOS/ATIS/TWEBs VOR Voice Monitoring FISDL Links

58. Weather Information Pre-flight DTN WSI DUATS OTHERS

59. Weather Information Pre-flight Satellite View

60. Weather Information Pre-flight Radar View Surface Analysis

61. Weather Information Pre-flight Satellite View Surface Analysis Winds Aloft

62. Weather Information Pre-flight Satellite View Surface Analysis Winds Aloft Regional Radar

63. Weather Information Pre-flight Satellite View Surface Analysis Winds Aloft Regional Radar FA 1038 AMD SYNOPSIS AND VFR CLDS/WX SYNOPSIS VALID UNTIL 140300 CLDS/WX VALID UNTIL 132100...OTLK VALID 132100-140300 ME NH VT MA RI CT NY LO NJ PA OH LE WV MD DC DE VA AND CSTL WTRS OH LE..UPDT OVC010-020 LYRD FL250. VIS 3-5SM SHRA/-SHRA BR. ERN HLF SCT -TSRA. CB TOP FL410. AFT 13Z VCNTY LE NELY WND 20G30KT. OTLK...IFR CIG RA BR.

64. Weather Information Pre-flight Satellite View Surface Analysis Winds Aloft Regional Radar FA METAR Approximate Time: Thu, 27 Nov 2003 19:33:33 UTC METARs for kvld kluk klex KLEX271854Z 00000KT 2 1/2SM - RA BR OVC016 09/09 A2995 RMK AO2 SLP141 P0002 T00940089 $= KLUK271853Z 00000KT 5SM -RA BR OVC006 09/08 A2996 RMK AO2 SLP145 P0003 T00890083= KVLD271853Z 19010KT 10SM BKN042 BKN049 26/17 A3008 RMK AO2 SLP194 T02610167=

65. Weather Information Pre-flight Satellite View Surface Analysis Winds Aloft Regional Radar FA METAR TAF KLUK271740Z 271818 19004KT 4SM -RA BR SCT006 OVC025 TEMPO 1819 2SM RA BR OVC006 FM1900 22005KT 5SM BR OVC010

66. Weather Information Pre-flight Satellite View

67. Weather Information Pre-flight Surface Analysis Surface Forecast

68. Weather Information Pre-flight Wind and Temperature FD

69. Weather Information Pre-flight Regional Radar

70. Weather Information Pre-flight Area Forecast (FA) Issued 3 times daily 4 times in Hawaii 18 hour synopsis 1038 AMD SYNOPSIS AND VFR CLDS/WX SYNOPSIS VALID UNTIL 140300 CLDS/WX VALID UNTIL 132100...OTLK VALID 132100-140300 ME NH VT MA RI CT NY LO NJ PA OH LE WV MD DC DE VA AND CSTL WTRS OH LE..UPDT OVC010-020 LYRD FL250. VIS 3-5SM SHRA/-SHRA BR. ERN HLF SCT -TSRA. CB TOP FL410. AFT 13Z VCNTY LE NELY WND 20G30KT. OTLK...IFR CIG RA BR.

71. Weather Information FA GA SERN... BKN-OVC-015. TOPS O30. VIS 3-5 SM BR. 16-17Z BKN 030. 18-20Z SCT-BKN040 BKN CI. OTLK... VFR

72. Weather Information Pre-flight Aerodrome Terminal Forecast (TAF) Issued 4 times daily Valid for 24 hours KLUK271740Z 271818 19004KT 4SM -RA BR SCT006 OVC025 TEMPO 1819 2SM RA BR OVC006 FM1900 22005KT 5SM BR OVC010

73. Weather Information TAF KLUK 271404Z 271412 16004KT 3SM – RA BR SCTO25 OVC 045 TEMPO 1416 1SM RA BR SCT015 OVC045

74. Weather Information Pre-flight METAR Issued Hourly (at least) KLUK271853Z 00000KT 5SM -RA BR OVC006 09/08 A2996 RMK AO2 SLP145 P0003 T00890083 =

75. Weather Information METAR KLUK 271604Z 00000KT 2SM RA BR FEW008 BKN024 0VC029 08/07 A3002 RMK A02 P0002=

76. Weather Information Pre-flight AFSS Outlook Briefing 6 hours or more in the future

77. Weather Information Pre-flight AFSS Standard Briefing If you have not received a previous briefing

78. Weather Information Pre-flight AFSS Abbreviated Briefing If you just need to supplement current information

79. Weather Information PIREPS In-flight Flight Watch 122.0 Flight Service (on published frequencies)

80. Weather Information In-flight AWOS (Automatic Weather Observation System) ASOS (Automatic Surface Observation System) ATIS (Automatic Terminal Information System) HIWAS (Hazardous Information Weather Advisory System) TWEB (Transcribed Weather Broadcast) WEATHER ADVISORY BROADCASTS

81. Weather Information Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM)

82. Flight Planning Visualization

83. Weather Planning

85. Flight Planning