2. Warm up- Spiral Review  What caused a swing of momentum in favor of the Patriots in the war?

3. THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION: 1776-1783 4-9 The War Moves South

4. War in the West  Some natives fought w/ Colonials, most sided w/ Brits  Saw them as less of a threat than colonists Colonist were to eager to spread into native land  West of the App. Mts.  Brits & natives Lead brutal attacks on the colonists  Henry Hamilton controlled Fort Detroit  Main British base in the west  Called Hamilton the “hair buyer” He paid natives for scalps of colonists

5. Native Americans

6. Glory at Sea  While fighting on land con’t, battle @ sea raged too  Brit Navy patrolled American harbors  Kept Patriot ships, & their allies too from entering harbors  British blockade prevented supplies & reinforcements from Continentals  To break blockade…  Congress orders 13 ships made Only 2 hit sea B4 end of war  Other ships captured or destroyed  Brits make short work of new “navy”  Too weak to be effective, need help fast!!!  Congress hires 2,000 Privateers, private- owned merchant ships w/ guns to attack Brits  Basically, paid pirates  Do very well !!!

7. Native Americans

8. John Paul Jones  Daring, young navel officer  1777- Begins raiding British ports  Sailed in old French ship gotten 4 him by Ben Franklin Named it after Franklin’s Poor Richard’s Almanac Bonhomme Richard (Good Richard)  Sept. 1779- sails near coast of Britain!  British fleet sees him Warship Serapis attacks  2 fight for 3+ hours!!! Bonhomme Richard so badly damaged that Serapis asks if wants to surrender “I have not yet begun to fight!” he replies  In end, Serapis surrenders but… Bonhomme Richard sinks soon after  Victory makes him a navel hero “I have not yet begun to fight!”

9. Struggles in the South  In early years, colonists won many battles in south  Crushed Loyalist militia at Battle of Moore’s Creek (Wilmington)  Saved Charles Town too  But Brits realized underestimated Americans  Changed their strategy Hard-hitting offensive Concentrated their efforts in south More loyalist support Major cities were port cities Use British navy to assist  Strategy works!

10. British Victories  Late 1778- British Gen. in Command Henry Clinton sends 3,500 redcoats to take Savannah, GA  Brits take city, & most of state  1780- Clinton himself heads south  Attacks Charles Town, SC Surrender in May Take 1,000’s of prisoners! WORST DEFEAT of war  Clinton heads back to NY  Leaves Gen. Lord Cornwallis in command of war in south  Continentals send Gates’ army to take him on  1780- Met at Camden, SC Easily defeats Gen. Gates who flees

11. Native Americans

12. Guerrilla Warfare  New style of warfare overtakes countryside  Colonial militia appeared suddenly, struck, then disappeared  Called… Guerrilla Warfare, hit-&-run technique Catches Brits off-guard  Leader of these Patriot guerillas, Francis Marion  Operated out of the swamps of SC  Known as the “Swamp Fox”  Quick & extremely smart  Basis of main character in The Patriot

13. Patriot Victories in the Carolinas  After Cornwallis’ victory over Gates @ Camden, SC  Move north through NC  Sept. 1780- @ Battle of King’s MountainBattle of King’s Mountain  Brit officer & 1,000 Loyalists try to defend it  Patriots attack Force British retreat out of NC backcountry Force British retreat out of NC backcountry Victory brings new support for Colonials  Oct. 1780- Gen. Gates is replaced by Nathaniel Greene  Splits Continental army of South in 2  Jan 1781- Colonials under Gen. Daniel Morgan defeat Brits @ Battle of Cowpens, SCBattle of Cowpens  Reunite March 1781- to take on Cornwallis at the Battle of Guilford CourthouseBattle of Guilford Courthouse  Present-day Greensboro, NC  Colonials forced to retreat, but…  Losses so severe for Brits, Cornwallis forced to leave the Carolinas

14. Native Americans

15. British Retreat  April 1781- Cornwallis marches north to VA  Raids throughout the state Nearly captures VA Governor Thomas Jefferson! Jefferson flees on horseback just ahead of Redcoats  Washington sends Lafayette south to take on Cornwallis  Cornwallis sets up camp @ Yorktown Awaiting orders from Clinton in NY  War in south about to come to bloody end! Cornwallis Surrounded

16. Native Americans LW Help… I’m Surrounded!!! L

17. Exit Ticket: Essential Question  The battles in NC and in the south had what effect on the British army?