1. Stages of Immigration

2. Focus Question List five reasons for people to move from one place to another. Explain which is the best reason to move.

3. Four Major Waves Colonial Immigration Antebellum Immigration Gilded Age Immigration Modern Immigration Each wave has similarities and differences

4. Colonial Immigration 1650 through 1800 Largely from the British Isles and Africa Sought freedom and land Faced difficulties ◦ Border warfare with Native Americans ◦ Carving home from wilderness

5. Antebellum Immigration 1835-1860 Largely from Germany and Ireland ◦ Came seeking liberty, land, and work Faced discrimination and poverty

6. Gilded Age Immigration 1870-1920 Largely Southern and Eastern Europe and Asia Came seeking work and freedom ◦ Faced discrimination, culture shock, poverty

7. Modern Immigration 1970 through today Largely came from Latin America, Africa, and Asia Come largely seeking freedom and work Face discrimination

8. Gilded Age Immigration “New Immigrants” Tended to settle in the cities ◦ Drawn to the industrial jobs of the period ◦ Lacked funds to purchase land elsewhere

9. Ellis Island Major immigration processing center on the East Coast 12 million from 1892 to 1954 Angel Island on the Pacific

10. Culture Shock Lives of Immigrants turned around ◦ Move from the farms to the factory ◦ Move from the country to an urban world ◦ Move away from familiar customs and languages to a new world

11. Coping Mechanisms Settle in Immigrant Neighborhoods Form attachments to “national” churches Form ethnic solidarity clubs Find the familiar in the chaos of the new

12. Faced Discrimination Rising tensions with “Old Immigrants” and Native-born Promoted Immigration restriction ◦ Chinese Exclusion Act of 1880 ◦ Alien Land Laws ◦ “Gentlemen’s Agreement” with Japan

13. National Origins Act of 1924 Set up immigration quotas Set at 2% of the ethnicity’s population from 1890 ◦ Designed to limit immigration from “undesirable” countries ◦ Promoted by “eugenicists”