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Introduction to Psychology Class 8: Neuroscience 1 Myers: 38-51 June 22, 2006
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Biological Psychology A branch of psychology that concerns itself with the links between biology and behavior. Other terms: Behavioral neuroscientist, neuropsychologist, physiological/bio- psychologist, behavioral endocrinologist etc.
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Origins of brain-mind connection Phrenology (1800) bumps on skull could reveal mental abilities Phineas Gage (1848) Iron rod through skull. Changes in personality 1990’s decade of the brain: fMRI, PET
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The Neuron Parts Dendrites, Body, Axon Hillock, Axon, Myelin sheath, Nodes of Ranvier, Terminal branches, Terminal Buttons, Synaptic cleft Concepts Action Potential, Type of signals, Threshold stimulus, All-or-None response
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Action Potential Resting Potential (- 70mv) Depolarization (- 50mv threshold) Action potential Repolarization (back to neg charge) Hyperpolarizaton
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The Synapse Cajal Sherrington NT Reuptake Agonists and antagonists
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Neurotransmitters
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Overview NERVOUS SYSTEM 3 types of neurons
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Types of Neurons SENSORY/AFFERENT From the organ to the spinal cord (and brain) MOTOR/EFFERENT From the spinal cord (and brain) to the organ INTERNEURONS In between
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Autonomic Nervous System (Sympathetic & Parasympathetic) Internal functioning E.g., Heartbeat, digestion, Sympathetic: Fight or flight (adrenalin) Parasympathetic: Resting and digesting (Back to baseline) (acetylcholine)
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The Spinal Cord The Reflex pathway Pain reflex Quadri/Paraplegia Bilateral and depends on level of lesion in the spinal cord Hemiplegia Unilateral and depends on the location of lesion in brain. Usually caused by stroke.
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The Brain Evolutionarily evolved Brainstem Limbic System Cortex
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Brainstem Medulla Basic life functions Reticular Formation Alertness arousal (anesthetics)
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Cerebellum Cerebellum Fine motor movements
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Thalamus Atop brainstem Sensory Relay station All 5 senses except for smell
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Limbic System (all bilateral) Amygdala Aggression and fear; processing emotional memories Hypothalamus Hunger, thirst, body temperature, sexual behavior Controls pituitary gland (master gland) which produced hormones Olds and Milner – pleasure centers Hippocampus Memory consolidation (HM, memento)
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