1. Chapter 12 Industry and the North Lecture 1
Essential Question:
How was work divided along gender lines in preindustrial society?

2. Lowell, Massachusetts: A Planned Community
Mill In Lowell, MA with Boarding House
The Lowell System of Mass Producing Cotton Cloth
Waltham System
Young Women/Mill Girls
Boarding Houses
Strict Controls
Planned Communities
4:40 AM–7:00 PM
Mass Production
Irish Take Over

3. The Transition from Yeomen Farmer to Industrial Work
Most Goods Produced at home and on Yeoman Farms
Traded on the Barter System
Slow Unscheduled Work/Task Oriented
Home and Work were the same location
Craftsmen worked in urban areas
Apprenticeship System – Trained by a skilled craftsman to do work
For Men Only
From Apprenticeship to Journeyman to Shop Owner

4. Work for Women Women marry/Jobs Temporary
Only needed to learn domestic skills
Worked in domestic services
Domestic servants
Laundressses
Seamstresses
Cooks in small restaurants or wealthy homes
Managed boardinghouses
Prostitution
New Mill Girl jobs an opportunity for education and refinment

5. Family Life Patriarchal Men had authority/Women Obeyed
Fathers chose their son’s occupations and daughter’s husbands
Legally, only men had power
Women had no property rights
Women could not testify in court
In Divorce, the husband kept the children as his property

6. The Social Order Everyone had a fixed place in the social order
Great importance on rank and status
Farm Laborers
Tenant Farmers
Yeoman Farmers
Common Laborers
Artisans
Wealthy Merchants
Only the Wealthy had power politically until the late 1800’s
Women’s place was in the home

7. Lecture 2 The Transportation Revolution
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
What led to the transportation revolution?

8. Transportation Improvements
Improved Roads
National Road was built of gravel on stone 1808
Almost to the Mississippi River by 1850
Tied the East and the West Together
Assisted Expansion
Canals
Commercial Transportation Cheaper by Water
Canals made east/west water transportation work
The Erie Canal – Between The Great Lakes and the Hudson River
Took 10 years
Shifted from Farm Workers to Irish Imigrant Workers
Thwarted by Malaria
Seneca Chief – the First Boat on the Canal
Created sufficient transportation to move produce quickly before spoiling
Rapid decline in the production of home spun cloth and a demand for ready made cloth – impacted the industrial revolution.

9. The Steamboat Robert Fulton 1807 Stimulated Inland Trade on the Rivers
Dangerous – Explosions and Fires
Stimulated urban growth and commerece
New Economic surges in Middle American River Cities
Cincinnati was a center of steamboat manufacture and machine tool production

10. Railroads New in 1800 – 13 miles of track/Baltimore and Ohio
Grew to 31,000 miles of track by 1850
Several lines reached West beyond the Mississippi
To be powerful had to be iron
Had to have iron rails
Forced Americas iron industry to modernize quickly.
Needed to standardize to same gage size

11. The Effects of the Transportation Revolution
Fueled Economic Growth
Attracted Capital Investors, Including Foreign Ones
Fostered an Optimistic, risk taking mentality
Stimulated invention and innovation
Allowed people to move with unaccustomed ease and speed
Moved more often
Moved further away
Disease /Epidemics spread to national levels
1832 Cholera
Drew Americans toward the heartland
Fostered National Pride and identity
Made the markets possible for commercialization and industrialization to thrive.