1. Classification of Organisms (Taxonomy)
Unit 2
Lesson 1
Classification of Organisms (Taxonomy)
S8.B.1.1.2,3

2. Classification
Is the process of grouping organisms by certain characteristics
Carl Linnaeus - Father of Taxonomy
There is approx 1.6 million different species identified on Earth
Changing all the time as new species are being identified
Estimates about million species exist

3. History of Taxonomy

4. Absorb nutrients from outside body
6 Kingdoms of Life
Kingdom
# of Cells
Cell Nucleus
Cell Wall
Motile
Food
Archaebacteria
(found in extreme environments)
Single-celled No
Yes
Yes/No
Make/
Consume
Eubacteria
(live in or on organisms)
Protista
(Algae and Protozoans)
Most single
Some multi
Fungi
(yeast, mold, mushrooms)
Most multi
Some single
Absorb nutrients from outside body
Plantae
(ferns, mosses, trees)
Multicellular
Make
Animalia

5. Other Classification Levels
Scientists further divide organisms within a kingdom into narrower groups based on internal and external structures

6. Phylum Chordata
Chordates - all have a tough cord running along their backs which gives the animal support.
Major Chordates:
Fish (Class Agnatha, Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes)
Amphibians (Class Amphibia)
Reptiles (Class Reptilia)
Birds (Class Aves)
Mammals (Class Mammalia)

7. Characteristics of Major Chordates
Category
Fish
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals
Body Covering
Scales
-Smooth skin
-No Scales
Scaly Skin
-Feathers
-Scales on legs
hair
Types of appendages
Fins
Legs
Wings and legs
-legs
-arms
-flippers
Reproductive Structures
Eggs
Amniotic
egg
-Some lay eggs
-Most give birth
Control of body Temp.
Exothermic
(cold-blooded)
Exo-
Endo-thermic
(warm-blooded
Endo-

8. Exothermic (cold-blooded)– Will take on the temp of their environment
Endothermic (warm-blooded)– Will maintain a constant body temp.
Amniotic egg - is an egg which has a shell and can hold water. Most shells are gas permeable. (adapted for land)
** Amniotic egg was modified to from a placenta in most mammals, including humans

9. Some mammals lay eggs (monotremes):
Platypus
Echidna
The echidna lives in Australia.
The platypus is semi- aquatic & lives in E. Australia

10. Non-Chordates There are more non-chordates on earth than chordates.
Don’t have internal skeletons
Some have soft bodies
Some have exoskeletons (hard outer covering)
Examples:
Insects
Spiders
Mollusks
Worms
Sea stars (starfish)
Crustaceans

11. Insects Have 3 main body parts: 1. Head 2. Thorax 3. Abdomen.
Have 6 legs.

12. Spiders Have 2 main body parts:
1. cephalothorax (fused head and thorax)
2. abdomen.
Have 8 legs.

13. Mollusks

14. Worms

15. Sea Stars

16. Crustaceans

17. Relationship Diagrams
Sunflower
Organisms above a characteristic HAVE that characteristic
Organisms below a characteristic do NOT
Pine Tree
Flowers
Fern
Seeds
Chloroplasts
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