1. Modern World History Judaism
ISRAEL►

2. Jews – modern name for the people descended from the Hebrews
There religion is called Judaism
Different names of the Hebrew homeland:
Canaan in ancient times
Judea under Roman rule
Palestine afterwards
Israel today
Origins of the Hebrews

3. Central Hebrew Beliefs
Abraham – Father of the Hebrew people; led them from Mesopotamia to Canaan
Abraham promised to obey Yahweh (Hebrew name for the one and only God who had power over all people and was not a physical being)
Torah – first 5 books of the Hebrew Bible – the most sacred writings of the Jews
Monotheism – belief in one God

4. Hebrews in Egypt Hebrews went to Egypt to avoid drought and famine
At first they were treated well, but eventually they became enslaved by the Egyptian pharaoh
Moses led the Hebrews away from Egypt
On the way to their homeland he brought the 10 Commandments from God carved in stone down from Mt. Sinai

5. Prophets and Ethical Monotheism
Prophets – religious teachers who believed they had been chosen as messengers to reveal God’s will to his people
Taught that people had a duty to worship God and to live justly with one another
Ethical Monotheism – worship of one god and an emphasis on right conduct
Basis for the religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

6. Hebrew Kingdoms
From 1020 to 922 BC the Hebrews united under 3 able kings
This is the longest period of power and independence that the Hebrews (Jews) have ever known
Saul – chosen as king for his success driving out the Philistines (ancient people of Palestine) from the region
David – (Saul’s son-in-law who succeeded him) established Jerusalem as the capital city and founded a dynasty for the Hebrew kingdom

7. King Solomon
Solomon – the son of David became the strongest of the Hebrew kings
Created a rich trading empire with the king of the Phoenicians to the north
He built a temple in Jerusalem to house the Ark of the Covenant (10 Commandments)
Other building projects made Jerusalem a great city, but required high taxes and 3 months forced labor a year

8. Hebrew Kingdom Splits
After Solomon’s death a rebellion against the high taxes and forced labor split the kingdom into two
Israel in the north
Judah in the south
Assyrians forced both kingdoms to pay tribute to them
North eventually fell to the Assyrians
South held out for another 150 years

9. Babylonian Captivity
The southern Hebrew kingdom of Judah fell to the Babylonians in 586 BC
The Babylonians destroyed the temple of Solomon and forced many of the survivors into exile to Babylon (known as the Babylonian Captivity)
50 years later the Persians defeated the Babylonians were defeated by the Persians
The Persians allowed the Hebrews to return to Jerusalem to rebuild their temple
Hebrews were unable to win their independence again and fill under the control of different empires

10. Jewish People Under Roman Rule
As Romans took control of the Jewish kingdom, they made it their own province of Judea
Zealots were those who wanted to rid their homeland of the Romans
Other group believed a Messiah (savior) would come and restore the kingdom of the Jews

11. Romans expel Jews from Judea
A.D. a Jewish rebellion is crushed by the Romans and the Jews are expelled from their homeland called Judea
The movement of the Jews to new areas following this defeat is known as the Diaspora

12. The Diaspora Map shows where Jews settled after being
kicked out of Judea by the Romans
Jews became minorities where they settled
and were discriminated against