1. Wendy lafferty & Riley Girton
Tuba
Wendy lafferty & Riley Girton

2. Why the tuba?
There had been a demand for the range and sound of the tuba long before it was actually invented
As orchestras began to grow in size, composers began wanting more depth and body in their compositions – which made inventors try harder and harder to fulfill these needs.

3. The serpent The first member of the trumpet family
First invented in france by edme  Guillaume in 1950
The original serpent was made from wood and leather
Metal versions did exist, but not used as often.
The mouthpiece was made out of different materials, depending on the sound which was needed.
wood, bone, ivory, oxhorn, ceramic, and various metal alloys such as brass, bronze and pewter

4. The serpent cont.
The original serpent was coiled back like a snake, and was played with 6 keys.
More keys were added later to add greater facility to the instrument.
This was most commonly used as an accompaniment to religious chants.
The The first known composers were Leoninus and Perotinus, or Leonin and Perotin which took place in the 12th century.
These were the first known composers of western music.

5. The ophicleide
In 1821 a bugle maker in dublin ireland named Joseph Halliday created the ophicleide. His design was based on the keyed trumpet – which had been around since the late 18th century
Ophis – greek for serpent
Cleis – stopper or cover
This instrument looks nothing at all like the one that came before it – it is made of brass, it has keys and pads like a saxophone, it stands upright.
This, however, is not what matters when classifying it. The internal design of this instrument is what really proves its relevance to the serpent.
It is a brasswind of conical bore utilizing holes – which when covered or uncovered change the pitch of the instrument.

7. Doesn’t it look more like a saxophone?
It does, in fact!
The saxophone was actually one of several attempts to fuse the ophicleide and woodwind design.
Adolphe sax’s first saxophone was actually named after the ophicleide.
The largest version of the ophicleide is the contrabass Monstre Ophicleide, built by robb stewart, an expert at making replicas of 19th century brasswinds.

9. Other members of the family
The bass horn
Another variation of the serpent
Manufactured around 1800
Came about 20 years before the ophicleide
The origin is uncertain, but the earliest dates back to england
The russian bassoon
Belgian-made instrument from serpent design – consisting of two wooden tubes joined at the bottom
Made about 1820
The helicon
designed to be a marching horn carried on the shoulder
Thought to have been invented in Russia around 1845
The forerunner of the sousaphone
Very popular in Europe and the united states.

10. The Bass horn
The Russian Bassoon
The Helicon

11. Types of Tubas and Euphoniums
BBb/Bb Tuba
Octave below Trombone
18 feet long
CC/C Tuba
M2 above than BBb/Bb Tuba
16 feet long
Used more by advanced/professional players
Eb Tuba
P5 below Trombone
13 feet long

12. Types of Tubas Cont. F Tuba Sousaphones P4 below Trombone 12 feet long
John Phillip Sousa
Carriage
BBb or Eb
Can be brass or fiberglass

13. Euphoniums (Tenor Tubas)
Most commonly pitched in Bb
Octave above tuba; same as trombone
Some pitched in C
Can have 3 or 4 valves
Conical bore like tubas
Can be front facing for
marching band

14. Baritones Small bore unlike Euphonium Pitched in Bb
Brighter sound than euphonium
Cylindrical bore like trumpet or trombone
Typically 3 valves
Saxhorn is older version of baritone

15. Flugelhorn and Alto Horn
Soprano tuba
Same range as Bb trumpet
Alto Horn
Pitched in Eb
Looks like a small euphonium
Uses corent-like mouthpiece

16. Marching Band Versions

17. Tuba/Euphonium Fundamentals
Posture
Instrument comes to person
Tuba placed in between legs
Left arm wraps around
Instrument at an angle
Euphonium

18. Fundamentals Cont. Playing technique Embouchure is relaxed
Wide and open oral cavity
Large aperture
Mouthpiece centered on lips
LOTS of air
Euphonium = Trombone

19. Fundamentals Cont. Other aspects Articulation Crazy Range
D1-F4 and beyond!
Four valves = alternate fingerings