1. The Industrial Revolution Late 1700’s- Early 1800’s

2. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION What factors caused the Industrial Revolution?What factors caused the Industrial Revolution? How did the Industrial Revolution change the ways people lived?How did the Industrial Revolution change the ways people lived?

3. The Industrial Revolution Fundamental changes in the way goods were made and produced.Fundamental changes in the way goods were made and produced. –From cottage industry to factories –MASS PRODUCTION Large scale production of identical goodsLarge scale production of identical goods –Steam power to run machinery

4. Why Industrialization begins in Great Britain Geographical Advantages Harbors, rivers & coal Transportation and Communications Coastal trade, canals, port towns, postal service, newspapers, navy

5. Why Industrialization begins in Britain Large Colonial Empire Large Colonial Empire Raw materials Powerful middle classPowerful middle class Capital, labor and new industrial inventionsCapital, labor and new industrial inventions

6. Why Industrialization begins in Britain Improvements in AgricultureImprovements in Agriculture Scientific method use to improve productionScientific method use to improve production

7. Innovations in Textile Manufacturing  Spinning jenny (1764), used a single wheel to control several spindles at a time.

8. Innovations in Textile Manufacturing  *James Watt, a Scottish inventor, improved the steam-engine (1769)  Allowed factories to be placed anywhere, no longer dependant on water

9. SHIFTING from home to factory

10. From HOME to Factory DOMESTIC SYSTEM Before the Industrial Revolution craftsmen working at home, spinning wool by hand

11. From Home to FACTORY Factories, large number of workers could be supervised and use machines driven by water or steam powerFactories, large number of workers could be supervised and use machines driven by water or steam power England’s plentiful supplies of coal and water provided resources to run the factoriesEngland’s plentiful supplies of coal and water provided resources to run the factories

12. Working Conditions Appalling places to work, with unsafe and unpleasant conditions Work hours were long, and workers pay was low Children preformed dangerous tasks

13. Write a caption for this cartoon

14. U R B A N I Z A T I O N From the countryside farms (RURAL)

15. L A R G E C I T I E S

16. URBANIZATION With the shift of work to factories, large number of workers moved from their farms and homes in the countryside to cities.

17. Urbanization Cities became crowded and highly unsanitaryCities became crowded and highly unsanitary Factory smoke polluted the airFactory smoke polluted the air Local governments were often unable to cope with the needs of large numbers of workersLocal governments were often unable to cope with the needs of large numbers of workers

18. INDUSTRIALIZATION C H A N G E SC H A N G E S –Transportation –Family life –Reform movements –Communism

19. Transportation Railroads & SteamboatsRailroads & Steamboats –Used steam engines -unified economies by linking regions & connected Europe

20. Railroads connected Europe

21. Steamboats Impact on the Midwest & Southeast of United States as goods could be more easily carried via rivers

22. Changes to European Society New middle class of CAPITALISTS –From the middle class Entrepreneurs –Owned the means of production –Managed businesses and factories

23. Changes in European Society Working class –Left countryside for industrial areas, provided labor for wages

24. Role of the Government in early 19 th century Capitalism Governments followed a LAISSEZ-FAIRE policy.Governments followed a LAISSEZ-FAIRE policy. –Did not interfere with business owners and workers.

25. Changes to family life Shift from the family working as farmers or craftsman to families working in factories Child labor Less time spent with family Families moved from villages into towns and cities Crowded, small apartments RISE IN CITY CRIME -Gangs

26. Family Life suffered Less access to fresh water and sunlightLess access to fresh water and sunlight Spread of diseases like cholera and typhusSpread of diseases like cholera and typhus

27. For most children industrialization meant – Factory Work, shift work & Child Labor

28. Social Reforms In England, Parliament passed lawsIn England, Parliament passed laws –Banning women and children from working in the mines –Limited work hours to 10 hours per day –For safer working conditions Queen Victoria and her husband Prince Albert worked to help the poor

29. Medical Improvements LOUIS PASTEUR –Improved sanitary practices –Developed vaccines to combat anthrax and rabies –Heating of liquids to kill germs PASTEURIZATION

30. Municipal Reforms Improvements to life in the cities

31. Municipal Improvements Improved water supply, sewage system and trash collection

32. Sewer systems

33. Municipal Reforms Public School Systems

34. Municipal Reforms City police forces to reduce crime Sir Robert Peel’s London “Bobbies”

35. L A B O R R E F O R M S Workers organized UNIONS to getWorkers organized UNIONS to get –Better wages –Improve working conditions –Used STRIKES to achieve goals