1. A “Visual” Review
Fuss Physical Science

2. How do you locate the image in a Curved Mirror Situation.
Pick a point on the object (usually the one furthest from the principal axis), and then draw 2 intersecting rays that obey the following rules:
Any ray parallel to the principal axis is reflected through the focus.
2. Any ray through the focus is reflected parallel to the principal axis.
Any ray through the center of curvature is reflected back along the
incident ray (back along itself)

3. Concave/Converging Mirrors
“OUTSIDE“ the focus
C F
Moving towards the focus, the image is REAL, inverted. It could be smaller, the same size, or larger than the image (depending on the object location)

4. Concave/Converging Mirrors
“ON” the focus
C F
NO IMAGE !!!!!! The lines never cross!!!!

5. Concave/Converging Mirrors
C F
“INSIDE” the focus
Moving towards the mirror, the image is VIRTUAL, UPRIGHT, and gets smaller (although the image is ALWAYS larger than the object itself).

6. Convex/Diverging Mirrors
Note: All rays want to pass through F, but none do
F C
C’ F’
When an object gets closer to the mirror, its image is VIRTUAL, UPRIGHT, and keeps getting smaller (and the images are always smaller than the object).

7. Concave mirrors Convex mirrors Can make small objects appear larger
Make-up mirrors, shaving mirrors
Convex mirrors
Can make large objects appear smaller (see a WIDE view)
Security mirrors, Driveway mirrors, Car door mirrors

8. LENSES
Fuss Physical Science

9. How do you locate the image formed in a LENSE Situation.
Any ray parallel to the principal axis is reflected through the focus.
2. Any ray through the focus is reflected parallel to the principal axis.
3. Any ray through the center of the lens passes directly through the lense following its same path.

10. Image Formation in CONVERGING Lenses

11. Image Formation in Diverging Lenses

12. Cameras …… ….. and the human eye NOT ON TEST, BUT ON FINAL EXAM!!!!
BOTH use converging lenses with the object far beyond the focus and both form INVERTED images.
Film
….. and the human eye

13. Magnifying Glasses 2F’ F’ F 2F Larger, virtual image that you see
Object that you are looking at (under the lens)

14. Film Projectors
White screen

15. Muscles that “tense” the lens
Cornea: Protective “Window” of
eye
Iris: Colored part that acts like a
camera shutter.
Pupil: Hole in the middle of the
iris.
Lens: has adjustable focal length.
Retina: Where image is formed.
Optic nerve: Sends image to
brain where it is flipped
upside down.
The Human Eye
Muscles that “tense” the lens

16. Furthest Point that the eye can see clearly
Far Point
Furthest Point that the eye can see clearly
Diverging Lens makes the light rays cross further away (on the retina) allowing you to see a clear image.
Object beyond the far point can’t be focused clearly on the retina b/c lines cross too soon

17. Closest Point that the eye can see clearly
Far-Sightedness
Converging Lens makes the light rays cross sooner, allowing a clear image to form on the retina
Focus of lens
Near Point
Object inside the near point can’t be focused clearly on the retina b/c light rays cross too late
Closest Point that the eye can see clearly