1. The Duel for North America
AND
The Seven Years War
(1754 to 1763)?

2. Background

3. Clash for Empire in N. America
Contest b/t England, Spain, France & Indians
4 wars b/t
King William’s War & Queen Anne’s War (Br v Fr)
1713, Utrect Peace: Britain gained Acadia
King George’s War (Br v Sp)

4. North America in 1750

5. Outbreak of French-Indian War

6. The Ohio Valley- Brits and French competed for control
1754  The First Clash
The Ohio Valley- Brits and French competed for control
British
French
Fort Necessity Fort Duquesne * George Washington * Delaware & Shawnee Indians

7. 1754  Albany Plan of Union
Ben Franklin  representatives from New England, NY, MD, PA
Albany Congress  attempt to keep Iroquois loyal to British & achieve greater colonial unity for defense
―failed

8. 1755  Britain Decides to Eliminate French Presence in No. Amer.
Gen. Edward Braddock  tasked w/ evicting the French from the OH Valley & Canada
Braddock: bullheaded & experienced in European warfare
Attacks OH Valley, Mohawk Valley, & Acadia.
Braddock killed &
entire force routed by French

9. British-American Colonial Tensions
Colonials
British
Methods of Fighting:
Indian-style guerilla tactics.
March in formation or bayonet charge.
Military Organization:
Col. militias served under own captains.
Br. officers wanted to take charge of colonials.
Military Discipline:
No mil. deference or protocols observed.
Drills & tough discipline.
Finances:
Resistance to rising taxes.
Colonists should pay for their own defense.
Demeanor:
Casual, non-professionals.
Prima Donna Br. officers with servants & tea settings.

10. 1757  William Pitt Becomes Foreign Minister
He understood colonial concerns & offered compromise:
- Colonial loyalty & military cooperation--> for British reimbursement
RESULTS?  Colonial morale increased by 1758.
Pitt decided to concentrate on the vitals of Canada
(Quebec and Montreal)
- Quebec falls in 1759 and Montreal in 1760

11. * By 1761, Spain become French ally
Tide Turns for England
* By 1761, Spain become French ally

12. French & Indian War
In what ways did the French and Indian War ( ) alter the political, economic and ideological relations between Britain and its American colonies?
Read DBQ
Are there any sources that are unreliable?
Are there any sources with a strong point of view?
Why did this author say this at this time?

13. Aftermath French-Indian War

14. 1763  Treaty of Paris France --> Lost…
All N. Amer holdings except a few sugar islands
Most of her empire in India
Spain -->
Received French lands west of Mississippi
Lost Florida to England
England --> Received…
French lands east of Mississippi & in Canada
Exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade,
Commercial dominance in India.

15. North America in 1763

16. Effects of the War on Britain?
1. Increased empire in Americas
2. Enlarged England’s debt
3. Contempt & bitter feelings for American colonists grew
Felt a major reorganization of American Empire was necessary

17. Effects of the War on the American Colonials
1. United colonists against a common enemy
2. Socializing experience colonists
3. Bitter feelings for British grew

18. Effects of the War along Frontier
Most N. Amer fighting b/t British & French over by 1760
British occupied forts in Ohio & Great Lakes
Native Americans dissatisfied – now treated as conquered people rather than allies
Ended practice of gift giving; restricted trade of guns

19. Effects of the War along Frontier
1763  Pontiac’s Rebellion
Fort Detroit
British “gifts” of smallpox-infected blankets from Fort Pitt.

20. Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)
Perhaps noteworthy:
Most Iroquois did not rebel due to standing alliance w/ British

21. PONTIAC BACKLASH
1.) British  Proclamation Line of 1763

22. PONTIAC BACKLASH 2.) Colonials  Paxton Boys (PA)
Scots-Irish vigilante group from western PA convinced that gov was not doing enough to protect
(Most Indians in PA were Christian & lived in small village enclaves interspersed amongst British settlements)
Paxton boys slaughtered Native villagers & raided jail to kill more who were under protective custody

23. Results: Rethinking Their Empire
Imperial Reforms
Strengthen position of royal governors
End bribery of officials w/ Revenue Act of 1762 to collect trade duties
Standing Army
Reduce threat of French-Canadian or Indian rebellion
Secure the colonial dependence
Raise taxes on colonists to pay off debt
Avoided higher land taxes paid by gentry

24. Stage set for American independence!

25. Reflect on French-Indian War Docs & Effects
In what ways did the French and Indian War ( ) alter the political, economic and ideological relations between Britain and its American colonies?
Write a thesis responding to the prompt based on the documents & Chapter 6.