1. Modularized Two-Stages Vertical Handoff Scheme in Integration of WWAN and WLAN Shimin Li Ying Wang Presented by Shimin Li E&CE750

2. Second part of presentation of our report Recall the first part of presentation  Motivation and Objective  Overview of WWAN and WLAN  Integration of WWAN and WLAN  Modularized Vertical Handoff Scheme Decision module

3. Presentation Overview Mobile IP Vertical Handoff Delay Related works Solutions Modularized Vertical Handoff Scheme  Action Module Performance Analysis Discuss Conclusion

4. Mobile IP This diagram comes from ECE750 lecture slides

5. Mobile IP cont’d Basic Mobile IP  MN has a permanent IP address  When moving to foreign network, MN detects a FA and obtains a CoA, and registers the CoA with HA  HA tunnels all packets of MN to FA or MN itself using the CoA  CoA can be Foreign Agent CoA or Co-located CoA

6. Mobile IP cont’d This diagram comes from ECE750 lecture slides

7. Mobile IP cont’d Optimized Mobile IP  CN requests the current location of MN from HA. HA returns the CoA of MN via an update message. Then CN caches the CoA and send packets directly to the current foreign agent FA or MN itself. Encapsulation of data for tunneling to the CoA is now done by CN, not HA  Solve triangular routing problem

8. Mobile IP cont’d Assumption about MIP  Vertical handoff scheme is based on MIPv4  CoA is a Foreign Agent CoA, not Co-located CoA

9. Vertical Handoff Delay

10. Vertical Handoff Delay cont’d Definition  Vertical handoff delay = D1 + D2 + D3 Analysis  D1 depends on movement and is out of control, we assume that D1 is relatively small  D2 and D3 can be minimized using intelligent handoff scheme

11. Related work Proposed mechanisms addressing reducing delay  H. Park et al. reduced delay by adding two structures to the integration: Mobile Agent and Subnet Agent  S. Sharma et al. introduced OmniCon: a MIP-based vertical handoff system for integration of WLAN and GPRS[2]  Ye Min-hua et al. used RSS triggering and multi-tunneling to address WLAN/GPRS integration based on Basic MIPv4[3]  Q. Zhang et al. proposed a subscription/notification service in vertical handoff system based on MIPv4 to handle simultaneous movements and provide transparency to NAT[4]

12. Solutions For minimizing D2  Sense physical and MAC layer For minimizing D3  Divide handoff procedure into two steps  Perform advance registration  Allow MN to communicate with FA new while still connected to FA old For reducing packet loss  Copy and tunnel packets for MN to FA new even before handoff has been finished For easy implementation and application transparency  Vertical handoff is based on MIP  Only modify the entities of MIP such as MN, HA, and FA  Modularize the handoff system

13. Modularized Vertical Handoff Scheme Modularization  Decision Module  Action Module

14. Recall the Decision Module Trigger handoff actions How?  By sending messages to Action Module: Per-handoff message Handoff message

15. Action Module Perform vertical handoff actions  Per-handoff actions  Handoff actions  Undo actions Triggered by messages from Decision Module

16. Action Module cont’d Per-handoff actions  Triggered by Per-handoff messages  Four scenarios: From WWAN to WLAN based on Basic Mobile IP From WWAN to WLAN based on Optimized Mobile IP From WLAN to WWAN based on Basic Mobile IP From WLAN to WWAN based on Optimized Mobile IP

17. Action Module cont’d

21. Handoff actions  Triggered by Handoff messages  Four scenarios: From WWAN to WLAN based on Basic Mobile IP From WWAN to WLAN based on Optimized Mobile IP From WLAN to WWAN based on Basic Mobile IP From WLAN to WWAN based on Optimized Mobile IP

22. Action Module cont’d

26. Undo action  Undo per-handoff action  How? MN sends undo message to HA via FA new. After receiving the message, FA or CN stops copying packets and tunneling them to FA new, and FA new cleans its buffer After that MN communicates with it original network normally  When? The timer in Action Module reaches T0, a constant Whenever starting per-handoff action, the timer starts After handoff action or undo action, the timer stops and is reset to zero

27. Performance Analysis Purpose  Verify contribution of two-stage scheme  Verify contribution of physical layer and MAC layer sensing Approaches  Compare with other mechanisms Tools  The network simulator: NS-2, or  Writing a specific simulator using Java or Matlab

28. Discuss Limitations  Not compatible with Network Address Translation (NAT) MN behind NAT Gateway allocates a private IP address MN has no routable IP address so it is impossible to establish a link to HA  Not support simultaneous movement Possibility is very low Extension to Mobile IPv6  CoAs are co-located, no FA needed  Adding an additional server at router to provide data buffer and forward the buffered packets to MN as the FA in MIPv4

29. Conclusion Physical layer and MAC layer sensing decrease latency contributed by detecting new FA and obtaining new CoA Two-stage mechanism significantly reduces latency by doing some registration work in advance Multi-tunneling decreases packet loss, and cost due to multi- tunneling can be very low since multi-tunneling lasts very short Modularization provides a easy implementation Only modification of Mobile IP entities provides high compatibility and transparency to application The vertical handoff scheme can be applied to real-time application

30. Selected references 1.Hyosoon Park, Sunghoon Yoon, Taehyoun Kim, Jungshin Park, Misun Do, and Jaiyong Lee; “Vertical Handoff Procedure and Algorithm between IEEE802.11 WLAN and CDMA Cellular Network” 2.Srikant Sharma Inho Baek Yuvrajsinh Dodia Tzi-cker Chiueh; “OmniCon: A Mobile IP-based Vertical Handoff System for Wireless LAN and GPRS Links” 3.M.Ye, “The mobile IP handoff between hybrid networks”, IEEE, 2002 4.Q. Zhang, C. Guo, Z. Guo, and W. Zhu, “Efficient mobility management for vertical handoff between WWAN and WLAN” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 41, pp. 102–108, Nov. 2003

31. Thanks