1. Tatiana Soboleva Department of Chemistry and Geology

2.  “…and they lived happily ever after”

3.   What do we know about courtship in 18 th century Europe?  Current Research:  Close parental supervision of marriage  Strict regulation of couple formation by state and church  Historians have started to question this model Picture shown represents "Contract de Mariage" d'apres le tableau original de Jean Steen Overview:

4.   How do paternity suits help us understand couple formation- a dynamic behavioral system?  How do we identify and define courtship using witness depositions?  Do witness depositions shed light on courtship patterns? My Research Focus

5.  image taken from: https://www.google.com/search?q=french+map&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=KtxHU9brFaGF2QXWnIHYAQ&sqi=2&ved= 0CAYQ_AUoAQ&biw=1242&bih=565#q=french+map+with+Dijon&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=p8- Jrw9gpRCFEM%253A%3Bc6jWfqQzg2-DiM%3Bhttp%25 Why France, Dijon? Area of our research interest Typical city of 10,500 inhabitants Provincial Administrative capital

6.  Data related to 1740, youth population being considered inhabitants under 30 years old. Benoit Garnot, Vivre en Bourgogne au XVIII-e siècle (Dijon, 1996), 22. Dijon’s Demographic Characteristics Total Dijon Population (~10,500 inhabitants) Youth- 59%

7.   Paternity suits contain :  Original complaint filed by women or somebody else on their behalf  Declarations of pregnancy produced by the women and court officials or notaries  Witness depositions  Interrogations of the defendants  Court Decisions  Attachments: Love Letters, Bans de Marriage Research Methods…

8.  pictures taken from: https://www.google.com/search?q=Alice+in+Wonderland&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=L_1HU- jnFOPz2QW6qIGAAQ&ved=0CAYQ_AUoAQ&biw=1242&bih=565#q=alice+in+wonderland+book+original+cover+by+lewis+carr oll&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=5SuxLM Research Magnitude 12 court cases~ 600 pages

9.  Archives Départementales de la Côte d’Or (Dijon, France), B2 360 147 (1702) Original complaint Official format to addressing the judge Introducing the plaintiff and or her family The body of the complaint

10.  Archives Départementales de la Côte d’Or (Dijon, France), B2 360 147 (1702) Witness Deposition Date of witness deposition Witness responsibility agreement Information about witness name, age, social status

11.  Body of the deposition Witness approval of recorded deposition, his/her signature Archives Départementales de la Côte d’Or (Dijon, France), B2 360 147 (1702)

12.  Archives Départementales de la Côte d’Or (Dijon, France), B2 360 151 (1704) Interrogation Official heading format that contains: time, place, and name of judge that performed interrogation Interrogation body

13.  Archives Départementales de la Côte d’Or (Dijon, France), B2 360 151 (1705) Love Letters…

14.  Archives Départementales de la Côte d’Or (Dijon, France), B2 360 151 (1705)

15.  Bans de Marriage

16.  What is the role of witnesses? How are they chosen? Is there any statistical sex dominance among witnesses? Total Number of witnesses (all age categories) Number of young witnesses (less than 30 years old) “Mobile social elements” among young witnesses

17.   Space : church, park zone, boutiques, parental house, etc.  Time : Fete de Noel (Christmas), Fete de Paques (Easter), etc.  Signs : talk together, walk together, presents exchange, share dinner, etc. Time, space, signs…

18.  Robert vs Pelletier October 1703 Dec. Jan. Feb. Mars Avril Mai Juin Juillet Aout Sept. Mort de Pere Pelletier Start frequentation Flowers & letter exchange Assiduous frequentation Shared dinner Possible conception time Exchange of presents: sweets and liquor Meetings, common pastime Signing Bans de Marriage 5 months pregnancy report Ring present tutoyage ChurchChurch, house, boutique Travel together to Paris Parental House Archives Départementales de la Côte d’Or (Dijon, France), B2 360 151 (1705)

19.   Witness depositions offer a unique perspective on courtship  Witnesses provide information on time, space, and signs that allow historians to identify the phases of the relationship  The collection of witnesses present a dynamic rather than static picture of courtship Conclusion/Significance

20.   ADCO, B2 360 150-152, 1702-1705.  Benoît Garnot, Vivre en Bourgogne au XVIIIe siècle (Dijon: Éditions universitaires de Dijon, 1996), 26.  Christine Lamarre, “La population de la Bourgogne à la fin du XVIIIe siècle à travers le dénombrement Amelot (1786),” Annales de Bourgogne 55 (1983) : 65-99.  Christopher Corley, “Gender, Kin, and Guardianship in Early Modern Burgundy,” in Family, Gender, and Law in Early Modern France, ed. Suzanne Desan and Jeffrey Merrick (University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2009), 183-222.  Colin Heywood, “Innocence and Experience: Sexuality among Young People in Modern France, c. 1750-1950,” French History 21 (2007): 44-64.  Gottleib, “The Meaning of Clandestine Marriage,” 52.  Isambert, Decrussy, and Tallandier, eds., Receuil général des anciennes lois françaises, depuis l’an 420, jusqu’à la révolution de 1789, 29 vols (Paris : Belin-Leprieur, 1829), 13: 469-471. Bibliography

21.   Faculty Advisor Dr. Christopher Corley, department of History, Minnesota State University, Mankato  Minnesota State Foundation grant support via Undergraduate Research Center at Minnesota State University Mankato Acknowledgements

22.  Thank you for Attention!!! Questions?

23.   ADCO, B2 360 150-152, 1702-1705.  Benoît Garnot, Vivre en Bourgogne au XVIIIe siècle (Dijon: Éditions universitaires de Dijon, 1996), 26.  Christine Lamarre, “La population de la Bourgogne à la fin du XVIIIe siècle à travers le dénombrement Amelot (1786),” Annales de Bourgogne 55 (1983) : 65-99.  Christopher Corley, “Gender, Kin, and Guardianship in Early Modern Burgundy,” in Family, Gender, and Law in Early Modern France, ed. Suzanne Desan and Jeffrey Merrick (University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2009), 183-222.  Colin Heywood, “Innocence and Experience: Sexuality among Young People in Modern France, c. 1750-1950,” French History 21 (2007): 44-64.  Gottleib, “The Meaning of Clandestine Marriage,” 52.  Isambert, Decrussy, and Tallandier, eds., Receuil général des anciennes lois françaises, depuis l’an 420, jusqu’à la révolution de 1789, 29 vols (Paris : Belin-Leprieur, 1829), 13: 469-471. Bibliography

24.   If focusing on witness role in court cases: observe the profession, age, sex, type of information provided in relation to peer grouping  If focusing in the phase of pregnancy of the plaintiff: observe the development of regional medical science coupled with the rural/urban social classes medical knowledge  If focusing on the legal changes: analyze the state, court, church, and social classes interaction and mutual influences Further investigation…