1. CHAPTER 19 Elements & Their Properties

2. METALS  Good conductors of heat and electricity  Solid at room temperature  Exception: Mercury (Hg)  Reflect light: luster  Malleable: can be hammered or rolled into sheets  Ductile: can be drawn into wires  Form ionic bonds with nonmetals

3. ALKALI METALS  Elements in group 1 are called alkali metals  1 electron in outer shell  Most reactive of all metals  Don’t occur in nature in their elemental form because they are so reactive  Uses: potassium and sodium are necessary to stay healthy; lithium is used in medications to treat bipolar disorder

4. ALKALINE EARTH METALS  Group 2 elements are the alkaline earth metals  2 electrons in outer shell  Rarely found in elemental form in nature because they are highly reactive, just like the alkali metals  Uses: magnesium is used in fireworks, cars, planes, spacecraft, baseball/softball bats, and chlorophyll; calcium is important in bone growth and strength

5. TRANSITION ELEMENTS  Elements in groups 3-12 on the periodic table  Most familiar elements because they occur in nature in their elemental forms  Uses: iron, cobalt, and nickel are used to create steel and other metal mixtures; gold and silver are used in jewelry

6. INNER TRANSITION METALS  The two rows that are disconnected from the rest of the periodic table  Top row: Lanthanide series  Many of these elements are used to make motion pictures and in TV screens  Bottom row: Actinide series  All of these are radioactive and unstable and are used in nuclear reactors

7. NONMETALS  Gases or brittle solids at room temperature  Not malleable., ductile, or shiny  Do not conduct heat or electricity well  Readily form bonds with metals

8. HYDROGEN  90% of all atoms in the universe  Does not exist as a single atom  Diatomic molecule: consists of two atoms of the same element bonded together  Highly reactive because it only has 1 electon

9. HALOGENS  Elements in Group 17  Highly reactive in their elemental form because there are 7 electrons in the outer shell  Form salts with elements in Group 1  Chlorine is used in pool water; fluorine is added to drinking water

10. NOBLE GASES  Elements in Group 18  Very stable because there are 8 electrons in the outer shell, but do not occur naturally  Helium is used in balloons; neon and argon are used in neon lights

11. METALLOIDS  Can have metallic and nonmetallic properties  Some can conduct electricity like metals, others cannot  Includes:  Boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, tellurium, polonium, astatine