1. Conflict or Compromise? The Events Leading to the Civil War (1820 & 1850-1861)

2. How do we keep the balance of power and let the South expand it’s territory? Admitting new states may shift the balance of power between the number of slave states and free states We Either Fight (conflict) or ……. Compromise!

3. Missouri Compromise

4. The Missouri Compromise (1820) Maine will be admitted as a free state Missouri will be admitted as a slave state, but what about the future?... Slavery is not allowed in any new western states created above Missouri’s southern border.

5. Missouri Compromise

7. Over time (decades) the USA gains more land and gains more issues! What area will be free and what will allow slavery when admitted as states? How will we keep an equal balance of power between the North and South now? TIME TO COMPROMISE... AGAIN!

8. Your Turn! Identify the events!

9. The Compromise of 1850 (Slave states vs Free states again…) California – admitted as a free state Texas – admitted as a slave state Other territories in the west will vote on slavery Sale of slaves abolished in DC Fugitive Slave Law est. - Escaped slaves need to be returned

10. The government and all its citizens were now required to return slave owner’s “property” Escaped slaves are now the responsibility of the government. The Fugitive Slave Act! Compromise

11. Northern Outrage! Even Free Blacks now feared of being forced back into slavery Thousands flee to Canada Now the Abolitionist movement becomes a powerful force

12. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852  Sold 300,000 copies in the first year.  2 million in a decade!  Sold 300,000 copies in the first year.  2 million in a decade! Conflict

13. Very popular and well-known in USA!

14. Uncle Tom’s Cabin Harriet Beecher Stowe ( 1811 – 1896) So this is the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln

15. …and the Nation is still growing The territory that now makes up Kansas and Nebraska are lobbying hard to become states! Both are above Missouri’s southern border – so should they be free or slave? If they were one or the other – what would that do to the balance of power in the U.S.?

16. Kansas – Nebraska Act - 1854 “popular sovereignty” to decide free or slave Pro- Abolition and Pro- Slavery forces flood Kansas to sway the vote BLOODY KANSAS! Compromise

17. Bleeding Kansas (John Brown) - 1856 A militant abolitionist who led a few others into a pro slavery settlement outside of Lawrence, Kansas. They hacked five men to death with swords. Conflict

18. Kansas Nebraska

19. Dred Scott - 1857 Slaves are property! Slaves (and former slaves) were not citizens Property rights are guaranteed by the Constitution (5 th amendment) Conflict

20. Brown returns east from Kansas and plans a war in Virginia against slavery. On October 16, 1859, he and 21 other men - - 5 blacks and 16 whites -- raided the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry. John Brown’s Raid Conflict

21. Election of 1860 Birth of the Republican Party Who was their first candidate? The Republicans win the election without winning any Southern States The South sees this as a complete loss of political power in Washington

23. Union and Confederacy South Secedes (SC first 1860)

24. Newspaper from Charleston, SC

25. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861