1. The Rise of Cities Lecture # 5~ EQ~ What caused the changes in sanitation?

2. How The Other Half Lives All photographs by Jacob Riis 1890~

3. Exposed the shameful conditions of life in a tenement (U.S)~ Working class

4. Inside the tenements “Five cents a spot”

5. Riis photographs depicted the immigrants of the I.R Sweat Shop- 12 years old

6. Sleeping-quarters Some “didn’t live anywhere”

7. Riis's work helped spark the Progressive Era; reform movements to improve these horrible conditions.

8. Medicine Contributes to the Population Explosion Between 1800 & 1900 the population more than doubled improved nutrition, sanitation, and medical advances Louis Pasteur –Discovered the process called pasteurizations that killed disease-carrying bacteria in milk

9. Continued Robert Koch –Identified bacterium that caused tuberculosis –TB killed about 30 million in the 1800s Joseph Lister –Discovered how antiseptics prevented infection –Sterilization of instruments Florence Nightingale better hygiene in hospitals Founded the world’s first nursing school

10. City Life Changes Paved streets, electric street light, and Sewage systems –organized police forces Slums remained constant

11. Standard of Living –Measures the quality and availability of necessities and comforts in society Gap between working & middle class widened