1. TICK VECTORS TRANSMISSION PATHWAYS OF TICKS transstadial transovarial larva nymph adult egg first host second host third host pathogen [ red line = pathogen pathway ]

2. TICK VECTORS RESERVOIRS OF INFECTION - TICKS & ANAPLASMA larva nymph adult egg nymph ewe sheep 1 ewe sheep 2 year 1 year 2 year 3 [ red line = Anaplasma pathway ]

3. TICK VECTORS RESERVOIRS OF INFECTION - SHEEP & ANAPLASMA lamb at year 1 same animal stressed at year 2 nymph larva (infection may die out) patent infection in lamb carrier infection in lamb (lamb passes infection nymph to larva instanteously)

4. TICK VECTORS DISEASE HOST / TRANSMISSION HOST / DEAD END HOST (louping ill virus) larva nymph larva nymph sheep = disease + transmission hares = transmission dogs = disease but hosts only hosts dead end hosts

5. TICK VECTORS ETIOLOGY OF TICK PYAEMIA neutrophils --> neutropenia infected neutrophils COMMENSAL ON SKIN Staphylococcus aureus SYSTEMIC IN JOINT Anaplasma transmission to sheep TIME

6. TICK VECTORS MAINTENANCE OF ENDEMIC STABILITY (e.g. TICK BORNE FEVER IN SHEEP) lamb susceptible to infection but age-resistant to disease ewe immune to infection lamb receives no challenge ewe susceptible to infection and disease