2. Chapter 7 Intro to Section 1

3. Journal Do you have any family members that immigrated to the United States? When? Where did they come from? Why did they come to the United States? Where did they live when they came here?

4. Journal Imagine that you are living in Europe at the end of the 1800s. You and your family want a change in your lifestyle. You have decided to move to the U.S. Why would you come here? What is happening in the U.S. at that time that would prompt you to come here?

5. Reading Section 1 Immigrants traveled from Southern and Eastern Europe, Asia, and the Caribbean Islands and Central America. What were some of the countries they traveled from? List 2 for each above. What were their reasons for coming to the U.S.?

6. What are their differences? Native BornNew Immigrants

7. Journal Imagine that there is a new student here, a foreign exchange student from another country. Create a list of of ways to help this new student. How would your suggestions help this newcomer solve some of their problems?

8. The Problems of Urbanization Immigrants Settle in Cities –Most moved to cities b/c cheaper & most convenient. –Could get jobs in nearby factories & mills –By 1910, immigrant families made up more than half the total population of 18 US cities –Often clustered in ethnic neighborhoods –Americanization movement=learning English, US gov’t, and US history.

9. The Problems of Urbanization Migration from Country to City –Improvements in farming McCormick reaper, steel plow made work faster, but required less workers Farms merged Southern farmers who lost their jobs were African- Americans –Many kept moving into city b/c of racial violence, economic hardship, political oppression

10. The Problems of Urbanization Urban Cultural Opportunities –In comparison to slow rural life, city life was exciting –In NYC=could see moving pictures –Chicago=Columbian Exposition, Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show –Boston=watch the Boston Nationals –These attractions allowed people to forget the hardships of city life

11. The Problems of Urbanization Housing Transportation Water Sanitation Fire Crime

12. Discussion If you could start an organization to help some group less fortunate than you, what kind of organization would it be? How would you go about setting up an organization?

13. Reformers Mobilize The Social Gospel Movement –Preached salvation thru service to the poor –Preachers inspired followers to build churches in poor communities –Persuaded some business leaders to treat workers more fairly

15. Journal 12/10/07 Have you ever given someone a gift with the intention of getting something in return? Do you think that politicians practice this kind of behavior?

16. The Emergence of the Political Machine Political Machines Run the Cities The Political Machine In major cities, political machines provide services to voters in exchange for political or financial support Political bosses control thousands of municipal jobs & regulate business licenses & inspections Many of the bosses are immigrants who have worked their way up through the political system

17. The Emergence of the Political Machine Municipal Graft and Scandal To maintain their power & to make money, some political machines turn to election fraud, bribery, & graft The efforts of political cartoonist Thomas Nast help bring down Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall, New York City’s powerful Democratic machine

18. Analyze the Cartoon

21. Creating your own cartoon: Create a cartoon that reflects the urban political scene in the late 1800s Purpose: To understand the way political cartoonists can have an impact on politics thru pictures rather than words Show: –How the pyramid design of a political machine operates, OR –How a political machine uses graft, OR –How political bosses provide services to immigrants in exchange for votes, OR –How a political machine affects taxpayers Cartoons should: –Make a clear point about political machines/bosses –Be focused on one idea –Include an appropriate caption –Be carefully drawn

24. Journal How would you go about finding a job? Would you get help from a friend or a friend’s parent? Do you think it’s fair to use “connections”?

25. Politics in the Gilded Age (7.4; pg 291-293) Civil Service Replaces Patronage –Patronage results in incompetence & fraud in gov’t Example: –Hayes takes measures to reform civil services Example: –Garfield wins the 1880 election but is assassinated the following year –With Arthur’s civil service reform, Congress passes the Pendleton Act in 1883 Example:

26. Politics in the Gilded Age Efforts to Regulate Tariffs Fail –Cleveland runs on a low-tariff platform & loses the presidency to Harrison, who raises tariffs –In his second term, Cleveland fails to lower tariffs

27. Get out a sheet of paper… Write ALL the presidents you know-- –N–Name, Years, Parties

28. Chinese Exclusion Act After watching the video, explain the purpose of the Chinese Exclusion Act.

29. Planning Your Own City Now that you’ve read about cities, you are going to create your own city. You may work with 1 person. Must include plans for: housing, transportation, water, sanitation, fire, crime, education, & government, as well as a business district. In color and well-organized. Come up with a name for your city.

30. How the Other Half Lives and Twenty Years at Hull-House Riis –Was life really that bad for the poor? How? –Who would actually care about the plight of the poor? Why? –Why does Riis decide to write about the poor? Addams –Why have a house for immigrants; it’s their fault that they came here; why help? –In what ways would this have helped immigrants or hurt them? –Why would a wealthy, educated women do this? Of what benefit is it to her?

31. Agenda Journal: –When you hear the title, “How the Other Half Lives”, what do you think of? What do you think the story would be about? –Read Around of Riis’, How the Other Half Lives and Addams’ Twenty Years at Hull- House With your partner and one other group, you will discuss the following:

32. Answer Key Section 1 1.E 2.F 3.D 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.F 8.A B. New immigrants came from southern & eastern Europe, China, Japan etc. Old immigrants came from western & northern Europe. Section 2 1.Cities 2.Dumbbell tenement 3.Row house 4.True 5.True B. Cities were cheaper & more convenient. Farmer and African- Americans were attracted to city lifestyle. More cultural opportunities in cities.

33. Review of Homework Share with a partner your accounts from the Ellis Island homework. Be honest! We will share some as a class. When complete, write what you learned about your ancestors or other immigrants by doing this.

34. Chapter 7 Vocab Ellis Island Angel Island Culture shock Melting pot Chinese Exclusion Act Gentlemen’s Agreement Urbanization