1. CS 14: I can…evaluate the success of progressive reforms in addressing problems associated with industrial capitalism, urbanization & political corruption.

2. Progressive Reform Movement:
What?
Identify and Solve problems associated with the Industrial Revolution (1890s-1920s)
Why?
Social, Political, and Economic disparity.
How?
Get Public attention
Use the government to fix those problems
Who?
Middle to upper-middle class
Urban/city dwellers
High educated
Lots were women 2

3. Who got them started: Muckrakers
Journalists that investigated and exposed problems
Ida Tarbell
Upton Sinclair
Lincoln Steffen’s
Jacob Riis
“Why can’t we apply scientific methods to solving societal problems?”

4. Progressives – Attacked Problems in 4 Areas.
Workplace & Cities
Environment
Political Reforms
Social Reforms
In Three different Locations:
National Reforms
State Reforms
Local Reforms

5. And it became a reform movement:
Workplace and Cities
Problems
Reforms/Reformers
Slum Life
Workplace
Tenement House Act = bathroom + courtyard
Hull House = Immigrant education and shelter. Provided education, job training, day care, medical care to poor immigrants
National Child Labor Committee= limited work hours for children
Workers compensation

6. And it became a reform movement:
Consumer Protection
Problems
Reforms/Reformers
Unsafe Products
Monopolies
Meat-Inspection Act
Pure Food & Drug Act
Sherman Anti-Trust Act – attempted to limit the growth of monopolies.
This is the Start of weakening our Laissez-faire economy

7. And it became a reform movement:
Environment
Problems
Reforms/Reformers
Landscape
Natural Resources
Pollution
Sierra Club—worked on preservation = the protection of wilderness
US. Forest Service, National Wildlife Refuge System, National Park System—
Conservation = limited use of resources in urban development

8. And it became a reform movement:
Political Reforms
Reforms/Reformers
Political Problems
1. Corrupt Government
Political Machines and Bosses
Local/State
Federal
Civil Service Reform & Pendleton Act = limit patronage and guidelines for hiring gov’t workers
Recall= process to remove elected official
Initiative = giving citizens power to propose laws
Referendum – giving citizens power to vote on proposed laws

9. And it became a reform movement:
Social Reforms
Social Problems
Reforms/Reformers
Social Class
African Americans
Women
Families (see next slide also)
NAACP- fought to end racial discrimination through the courts & protect voting rights
NAWSA + 19th Amendment (women suffrage)

10. And it became a reform movement:
Other Family Reforms
Social Problems
Reforms/Reformers
WCTU - Women’s Christian Temperance Union
Drinking
18th Amendment - Prohibited making/selling alcohol (Prohibition)
Carry Nation
Temperance supporter Carry Nation speaks out against alcohol holding a Bible and a hatchet. Nation was famous for taking a hatchet to bar fixtures and stock

11. Political Reforms

12. Failure of the Progressive Movement
White, middle class reform
Women, blacks, and farmers
Divided Leadership
Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois

13. “Bosses of the Senate” What does it mean?

14. The Jungle, Upton Sinclair:
It was only when the whole ham was spoiled that it came into the department of Elzbieta. Cut up by the two-thousand-revolutions-a-minute flyers, and mixed with half a ton of other meat, no odor that ever was in a ham could make any difference. There was never the least attention paid to what was cut up for sausage; there would come all the way back from Europe old sausage that had been rejected, and that was moldy and white - it would be dosed with borax and glycerine, and dumped into the hoppers, and made over again for home consumption. There would be meat that had tumbled out on the floor, in the dirt and sawdust, where the workers had tramped and spit uncounted billions of consumption germs. There would be meat stored in great piles in rooms; and the water from leaky roofs would drip over it, and thousands of rats would race about on it. It was too dark in these storage places to see well, but a man could run his hand over these piles of meat and sweep off handfuls of the dried dung of rats. These rats were nuisances, and the packers would put poisoned bread out for them; they would die, and then rats, bread, and meat would go into the hoppers together. This is no fairy story and no joke; the meat would be shoveled into carts, and the man who did the shoveling would not trouble to lift out a rat even when he saw one - there were things that went into the sausage in comparison with which a poisoned rat was a tidbit.