1. The Challenges of Urbanization Housing, Sanitation, Transportation, Water, Crime, Fire

2. Warm up: Set up paper for 2-column notesSet up paper for 2-column notes Answer the warm up question on your notesAnswer the warm up question on your notes Why would people move from the country and working on farms to the cities and working in factories?Why would people move from the country and working on farms to the cities and working in factories?

3. Content Objective I will be able to analyze photos and write a description of urban life.I will be able to analyze photos and write a description of urban life.

4. Vocabulary Urbanization: movement of population from rural (country) to cities (urban)Urbanization: movement of population from rural (country) to cities (urban) Migration: movement inside a placeMigration: movement inside a place Immigrant: A person who moves in to a placeImmigrant: A person who moves in to a place Industrialization: process of going from hand made to factory made productsIndustrialization: process of going from hand made to factory made products

5. Immigrant Populations Rapid urbanization occurred in the late 19 th century in the Northeast and Midwest. Immigrants settled in cities because of the available jobs and affordable housing. By 1910, immigrants made up more than half the population of 18 major American citiesRapid urbanization occurred in the late 19 th century in the Northeast and Midwest. Immigrants settled in cities because of the available jobs and affordable housing. By 1910, immigrants made up more than half the population of 18 major American cities

6. Migration from Country to City Rapid improvements in farm technology (tractors, reapers, steel plows) made farming more efficient and required less labor. Many rural people left for cities to find work – including almost a quarter of a million African Americans. Discrimination and segregation were often the reality for African Americans who migrated north

8. Urban Problems Problems in American cities in the late 19 th & early 20 th centuries included:Problems in American cities in the late 19 th & early 20 th centuries included: Housing: Overcrowded tenements were un- healthy places to live.Housing: Overcrowded tenements were un- healthy places to live. Sanitation: Garbage often was not collected and polluted the air.Sanitation: Garbage often was not collected and polluted the air. Famous photographer Jacob Riis captured the struggle of living in crowded tenements

9. Transportation: Cities struggled to provide adequate transit systems. Water: Without safe drinking water cholera and typhoid fever were common Crime: As populations increased thieves flourished. Fire: Limited water, wooden structures, and the use of candles led to many major urban fires. Harper’s Weekly image of Chicagoans fleeing the fire over the Randolph Street bridge in 1871 Chicago 1871 and San Francisco 1906 were two major fires.

10. POSERS PeoplePeople Who is in the picture?Who is in the picture? ObjectsObjects What can you see in the picture?What can you see in the picture? SettingSetting Where are they?Where are they? EngagementEngagement What are they doing?What are they doing? RelationshipRelationship How are the people related? How are they connected?How are the people related? How are they connected? SummarySummary Summarize what is in the pictureSummarize what is in the picture

11. Photographer Jacob Riis Captured Images of the City

12. POSERS P O S E R S Some children and a couple of adults Laundry, pail and tub, wooden cart Outside of apartment building Just standing Could be family People appear not very clean and buildings are very run down, look poor.

14. P O S E R S

16. P O S E R S

21. Exit ticket Based on what you saw in the pictures, write a one paragraph analyses of life for people in the early industrial cities.Based on what you saw in the pictures, write a one paragraph analyses of life for people in the early industrial cities.