1. COMP 2208 Dr. Long Tran-Thanh ltt08r@ecs.soton.ac.uk University of Southampton Collaborative AI

2. Classical AI The ultimate goal: build an AI that behaves like a human 7 main key requirements of AI: 1.Automatic computer 2.Language understanding 3.Usage of neuron nets 4.Computational efficiency 5.Self-improvement 6.Abstractions 7.Creativity John McCarthy, Marvin L. Minsky, Nathaniel Rochester, and Claude E. Shannon (1955)

3. Classical AI

5. Singularity: the time when AI becomes superior to humans (Ray Kurzweil) 1.A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. 2.A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. 3.A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Laws. This raises many moral/legal issues Sci-Fi: Isaac Asimov’s laws of robotics:

6. 1.A human may not deploy a robot without the human-robot work system meeting the highest legal and professional standards of safety and ethics. 2.A robot must respond to humans as appropriate for their roles. 3.A robot must be endowed with sufficient situated autonomy to protect its own existence as long as such protection provides smooth transfer of control which does not conflict with the First and Second Laws. Classical AI More realistic laws (Murphy & Woods, IEEE Intelligent Systems, 2009):

7. Classical AI Fear & hatred towards AGI: AGI = artificial general intelligence

8. Is AI the next cloning? Human cloning is banned in many countries 1995: first cloned sheep (Dolly)

9. New challenges Let’s approach the problem from a more practical aspect: Age of Data / Information: Too much data, information How to process all? How to choose the relevant ones? Would be nice if we have some support system that handles these issues for us

10. Let’s approach the problem from a more practical aspect: Healthcare: Improvement of health technologies extend our life span We need to provide support to those without 100% healthy conditions E.g., elderly people, people with disabilities, accidents Would be nice if we have some solutions that provide support in these cases New challenges

11. Collaborative AI Idea: we use AI to build ubiquitous systems around us, that makes our everyday lives easier

12. Collaborative AI But what are the requirements to have an efficient collaborative AI? ORCHID (2010-2015): led by prof. Nick Jennings and a team of researchers from Southampton Oxford, Nottingham, BAE Systems, Secure, Rescue Global, … www.orchid.ac.uk A pioneer project that aims to lay down the foundations of collaborative AI

13. Collaborative AI 1. Flexible autonomy: Sometimes the AI is the decision maker, other times humans 2. Agile teaming: Quickly set up adhoc groups

14. Collaborative AI 3. Incentive engineering: How to incentivise humans to collaborate 2. Accountable information: What if things go wrong Who made the mistake? Who should be in charge of fixing it? Where and when did it happen?