1. May 24, 2010 Ms. Simon Regents Biology

2. Do Now: 1) Pass forward Regents Questions 2) Compare the female reproductive systems of birds, amphibians and mammals.

3. Reproductive Systems AmphibiansBirdsMammals External FertilizationInternal Fertilization Internal Fertilization Most eggsMore EggsLeast eggs External Development of Zygote Internal Development of Zygote Reproductive and Excretory Systems are ConnectedReproductive and Excretory Separate CloacaCloacaVagina

4. Reproductive Systems AmphibiansBirdsMammals External Development of Zygote (Both) Internal Development of Zygote External Fertilization Internal FertilizationInternal Fertilization Reproductive + Excretory Reproductive + Reproductive + Systems ConnectedExcretory= SeparateExcretory= separate Less Parental CareMore Parental CareMore Parental Care Most EggsMore EggsLeast eggs CloacaCloacaVagina

6. AIM: How is the menstrual cycle regulated?

7. Menstrual Cycle Function: 1) Prepare the egg for fertilization 2) Prepares the uterus to support a fetus Age: 11-13 up until the mid-50’s (menopause) Length: Approximately 28 days

8. During the menstrual cycle, the endometrium (uterine lining) thickens and number of blood vessels increases

9. Endometrium must: Support the fetus Provide nutrition Remove Waste

10. At Day 28, the endometrial wall begins to break down and is shedded from the body in the process of menstruation At Day 14, an egg is released through ovulation

11. The menstrual cycle is controlled by the endocrine system Anterior Pituitary  FSH  ovary  estrogen  LH  ovary  ovulation

12. Four phases of the menstrual cycle 1)Follicle Phase- low levels of estrogen, stimulate GnRH is released, increase LH + FSH - uterine wall begins to thicken - follicles mature, estrogen levels rise 2) Ovulation- release of an egg 3) Luteal Phase- progesterone, and estrogen are released 4) Menstruation- shedding of the uterine wall

13. Corpus Luteum