1. Halo Nucleic Molecules Nike Dattani (a,b), Staszek Welsh (a) (a) Oxford University (b) 京都大学 （ Kyoto University) 2014 年 6 月 19 日

2. Cross-section of 11 Li is 3.16 fm similar to 208 Pb !!!

4. IsotopeHalf-life 4 Li91(9)×10 −24 s 5 Li370(30)×10 −24 s 6 LiStable 7 LiStable 8 Li840.3(9) ms 9 Li178.3(4) ms 10 Li2.0(5)×10 −21 s 10m1 Li3.7(15)×10 −21 s 10m2 Li1.35(24)×10 −21 s 11 Li8.75(14) ms 12 Li<10 ns Shell theory of atoms: When a shell is filled with electrons, the atom is extra stable Shell theory of nuclei: When a nuclear shell is filled with nucleons, the nucleus is extra stable

5. Neutralizer 10 6 produced per second !

6. Molecule where at least one atom has a halo nucleus Never been made before 11 Li has a half-life of only 8.75 ms ! Ground state of 11 Li lasts longer than first excited state of 7Li --- Let’s make molecules with 11 Li !!!

7. Neutralizer

8. Magneto- optical trap

9. ∆E∆E # of atoms Energy of laser

10. ∆E∆E # of atoms Energy of laser 10 -5 cm -1

11. ∆E∆E # of atoms 10 -5 cm -1 If we know: ∆E = 1265 cm -1 +/- 1 cm -1 10 -5 cm -1 2 cm -1

12. ∆E∆E # of atoms If we know: ∆E = 1265 cm -1 +/- 1 cm -1 10 -5 cm -1 2 cm -1 How many measurements do we have to make ? If we know energy to +/- 1 cm -1  200,000 measurements  3.04 years 

13. “Spectroscopic accuracy”  +/- 1 cm -1 (3 year experiments!)

14. I want to do better than this ! “Spectroscopic accuracy”  +/- 1 cm -1 (3 year experiments!)

17. Using the MLR potential’s predictions, we measured these energies (all in cm -1 ) – it didn’t take 3.04 years!

18. Here’s how well the MLR potential worked (all energies in cm -1 ):

19. Refined MLR potential (all energies in cm -1 ):

20. Li 2 Dattani & Le Roy, JMS, 268 pg 199-210 (2011) Gunton, Semczuk, Dattani, Madison, PRA 88, 062510 (2013) Semczuk, Li, Gunton, Haw, Dattani, Witz, Mills, Jones, Madison, PRA 87, 052505 (2013) HeH +, BeH, ZnO FA02 - Welsh, Puchalski, Lach, Tung, Adamowicz & Dattani FA03 - Dattani & Welsh FA11 - Dattani

21. Differences between 6,6 Li 2 and 7,7 Li 2 energies are given by corrections to BO approx. Extremely difficult ab initio (has been done for very few diatomic molecules so far, also not accurate) Given empirical potentials for 6,6 Li 2 and 7,7 Li 2, how accurately can we predict properties of 8,8 Li 2 ?

22. Given data for two isotopologues, we account for the difference in their potentials by: ad = adiabatic BOB corrections na = non-adiabatic BOB corrections BOB = Born-Oppenheimer Breakdown Like the MLR, these approach the right limits at dissociation These BOB correction functions are then used to predict potentials for other isotopologues

26. Misunori Fukuda (Osaka University) - father of halo nuclei Robert J. Le Roy (University of Waterloo) - author of PotFit