1. What does a diamond, pencil, and a piece of coal have in common?

2. WHY IS CARBON SO IMPORTANT? Carbon has 4 outer electrons, all used for bonding

3. HONC FOR BONDING! ElementNumber of Outer Electrons Number of Covalent Bonds It Can Make Hydrogen11 Oxygen62 Nitrogen53 Carbon4 4

4. WHY ARE ALL THESE BONDS IMPORTANT? Carbon can bond with all of these atoms, including itself These bonds between Carbon and other atoms create long chains and complex structures These structures can then form even more complex structures to compose the major molecules of life called macromolecules.

5. WHAT MAKES CARBON SO SPECIAL? Remember CHOPNS 1. Carbon can bond with ALL of those atoms, including itself! 2.Can make single, double AND triple bonds Single bond Double bond Triple bond

6. WHAT MAKES CARBON SPECIAL? 4 single bonds = tetrahedral shape ……are these ionic or covalent bonds? 3. Straight chains and rings moleculargeometry.cybermediasystem.net

7. CARBON COMPOUNDS ARE “ORGANIC” In Chemistry, the term “organic” refers to compounds that contain Carbon. Example: C 6 H 12 O 6 C 12 H 24 O 12 Any compound that does not contain Carbon is known as “inorganic” Example: KCl, NaBr The exception is CO 2

8. ARE THE FOLLOWING COMPOUNDS ORGANIC OR INORGANIC?

11. In our bodies, these complex organic compounds make up macromolecules Macromolecules are formed through the connecting of “monomers” to create long chains called “polymers”

12. Monomer : smallest unit that makes up a polymer. Ex: glucose Polymer : large molecules that are made up of monomers. Ex: starch Think about a train! Each car is a monomer and the whole train is a polymer.

13. MONOMERS: THE “LINKS” IN THE POLYMER “CHAIN”

14. LET’S SUM UP! Carbon can bond to itself. Carbon will bond with many other elements and form strong covalent bonds. Carbon can form straight chains, branches or rings. Carbon can form single, double or triple bonds.

15. CLOSURE Explain 3 things you learned about Carbon today and give examples. (to be handed in)