1. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Chapter 3 Research and Evidence-Based Practice

2. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Research: Substantiating the Science of Nursing Research –Systematic method of exploring, describing, explaining, relating, or establishing existence of phenomenon, factors that causes changes in phenomenon, and how phenomenon influences other phenomenon (continued)

3. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Research: Substantiating the Science of Nursing Historical development –Nightingale Set stage for research-guided practice –Teacher’s College at Columbia University First educational doctoral program for nurses –Yale University First Master of Nursing degree program (continued)

4. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Research: Substantiating the Science of Nursing Historical development –1940s and 1950s Organization and delivery of nursing services Role of American Nurses Association (ANA) Clinical nursing studies (continued)

5. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Research: Substantiating the Science of Nursing Historical development –1950s and 1960s Educational preparation of professional nurses Establishment of nursing organizations Nursing research publication (continued)

6. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Research: Substantiating the Science of Nursing Historical development –1960s and 1970s Development of models and theories Clinical and educational studies Increased enrollment in graduate programs (continued)

7. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Research: Substantiating the Science of Nursing Historical development –1980s and 1990s Clinical nursing research Increase in scholarly publications Increase in federal support National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR)

8. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Framework Research process –Researcher, investigator, and scientist –Scientific approach –Subjects/study participants –Concepts/conceptualization –Constructs (continued)

9. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Framework Research process –Quantitative research –Qualitative research –Scientific method: Hypothesis Independent variables Dependent variables (continued)

10. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Framework Research process –Qualitative analysis Comprehending Synthesizing Theorizing Recontextualizing (continued)

11. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Framework Research process –Types of research design: Historical Exploratory Evaluative Descriptive Experimental Quasi-experimental (continued)

12. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Framework Roles –Nurse scientist –Principal investigator –Research team member –Research consumer –Advocate for research clients (continued)

13. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Framework Rights –Safeguard rights of research participants –Informed consent –Full disclosure –Self-determination –Privacy (continued)

14. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Framework Rights –Anonymity –Fair treatment –Protection from discomfort and harm

15. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Research Utilization Instrumental Conceptual Symbolic

16. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Barriers to Utilizing Nursing Research Research itself Practicing nurses Organizational settings Nursing profession

17. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Nursing Students Exposed to research according to program’s curriculum Sources of research: –Primary –Secondary

18. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Evidence-Based Practice Best evidence available to guide clinical decision making Best practice –Ideas and strategies that work to produce positive client outcomes or reduce costs (continued)

19. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Evidence-Based Practice Evidence reports include: –Statement –Analysis –Evidence –Recommendations (continued)

20. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Evidence-Based Practice Trends in nursing research: –Focus on evidence-based practice –Scientific knowledge base –Integrative reviews of nursing knowledge –Multidisciplinary collaboration –Dissemination of findings –Interest in outcomes research