2. Insects in the world Most successful animals Make up 2 out of three living things With other arthropods make up over 75% of all animals Have been around for 350 million years

3. Number of total species

4. Arthropods= Insects and their relatives Do not have a backbone(invertebrates) Jointed legged animals include; Ticks, mites,spiders,millipedes Centipedes, and insects

5. What is an insect?

6. Insect -characters Body divided into three regions

7. Insect -characters Three sets of legs Easiest character to see

8. Insect -characters One pair of antennae May be small <antennae

9. Insect -characters Wings Only birds, bats and insects Only found in adult insects Not all insects have wings (fleas,springtails)

10. Spiders - Arachnids 4 pairs of legs No antennae No wings 2 body divisions Spiders are not insects

11. Millipedes

12. Insect Development or Metamorphosis Two forms of development (change ) 1.Simple/ Partial/ Primitive 2.Complete/ Advanced

13. Simple metamorphosis Egg- nymph- adult All life stages look similar, behave similar Whole family can live and feed together

14. Simple(gradual) Metamorphosis

17. Simple Metamorphosis Orders

18. Complete Metamorphosis Egg -Larvae-Pupae-Adult Larvae not look like adult- are wormlike Can live in different environment Eat different food Larvae usually the main pest

19. Complete Metamorphosis

22. Complete Metamorphosis Orders

23. Insect Larvae

24. Exoskeleton Why do insects look so strange?

25. Exoskeleton Insect covered with hard outer shell Skin is very plastic like Difficult to sense environment

26. Exoskeleton

27. Molting

28. Cast skin of cicada < notice slit along back

29. Insect Development Cold blooded- development influenced by temperature Most insects inactive below 50 0 F; Breed, eat, develop faster the warmer it is up to 95 0 F.

30. Insect mouthparts-two types Chewing mouthparts Sucking mouthparts damage

31. <Piercing,sucking mouth parts

32. Chewing mouthparts <chewing mouthparts

33. Chewing mouthparts <chewing mouthparts

34. Insect reproduction 1.Short life cycles- most go through generation in 1- 6 weeks 2.Large number of offspring / female -100-2,000 eggs

35. Insect reproduction Fruit flies- 2 week life cycle 26 generations/year 100 eggs / female Experiment

36. Insect Reproduction In 1 year from 1 male and 1 female if all offspring survive to breed would produce 10 41 flies - if pack 1000 flies/cu. in.

37. Insect Reproduction A ball of fruit flies 96 million miles in diameter which is 2/3 of the distance from earth to sun · Why doesn’t it happen?

38. Insect classification 26-28 Orders -to separate use Type of development Type of mouthparts and

39. Insect classification If present, number and type

40. Order Orthoptera Roaches Crickets Walking sticks Mantids Grasshoppers

41. Order Orthoptera Simple development Chewing mouthparts Two pairs of wings/ first set are thickened and leather-like

42. 1st pair leather like, thickened > 2nd pair thin flying wing Orthoptera wings

44. Orthoptera

46. Earwigs- Dermaptera Short wing covers- second pair not always developed Simple development Chewing mouthparts Have terminal forceps 20 species in North America

47. True bugs -Order Hemiptera Simple development Sucking mouthparts Two pairs of wings/ 1st pair a half wing in Heterocera

48. < Half wing True Bugs- Hemiptera wings Two sets of wings 1st pair thick for 1st half, thin for other < half wing

49. Half wing > Conifer seed bug

50. Aphids, scales, ciada Suborder Homoptera Simple development Sucking mouthparts Two pairs of membrane type wings

51. Adult cicada 1 2

52. Ash leaf-curl aphids

53. Butterflies and moths - Order Lepidoptera Complete development-larvae are caterpillars Larvae have chewing mouth parts Two pairs of wings/ Covered with scales

54. Butterflies and moths - Order Lepidoptera

55. Scaled wings

56. Iris borer <true legs <Prolegs with crochets caterpillar

57. Beetles- Order Coleoptera Complete development- larvae are grubs Chewing mouthparts larvae and adults Two pairs of wings-first hardened into wing covers

58. Beetles- Order Coleoptera Adult beetle <wing cover

59. Asian Lady Beetle

60. Japanese beetle grubs < 3 pairs of legs

61. True Flies- Order Diptera Complete development-larvae are maggots Chewing mouthparts in larvae/ variable in adults Adults only have 1 pair of wings

62. Horse fly < 1 pair of wings

63. Wing veins Antennae 16,914 species in North America 113 Families

64. Rat-tailed maggots <larvae have no legs

65. Ants,bees,sawflies Order Hymenoptera Complete development-larvae are maggot like Chewing mouthparts in larvae Two pairs of wings- both membrane like hooked together to work as one

66. Elm sawfly adult

67. Hymenoptera wings

68. Sawfly larvae

69. Amazing insect facts Larvae eat 3-4 times their weight / day in food Aphids can process 100 times weight in plant sap Some insects can survive being frozen solid