1. Confucianism Comparative Religions

2. The First Teacher Confucius ◦Kung Fu-tzu ◦Kung the Master Born around 551 BCE in the __________________ province Raised by a single mother Became a ____________in his early 20s Goal was to hold public office in Chinese _______________________

3. At 50 years old, he began a _____year journey from state to state spouting his beliefs/wisdom Faithful ______________followed him on this journey Eventually was invited to return _______. Spent the last _________years of his life editing the Chinese classics Died in 479 BCE at _____years old.

4. Confucius taught using the ____________ method ◦Conversed with his students regarding _____________ they posed in the conversations ◦Cite different _________________ ◦Ask _______________________questions He presented himself to his students, not as their leader, but as a fellow _______________

5. Mission of his students ◦_____________________society His teaching ◦Passion for learning made him a _____________ ◦_________________kept him from being a fanatic His preferences ◦Preferred _______________over power and wealth May not have held a government office while alive, but has ended up the man who has _________________Chinese gov’t more than anyone else.

6. The Problem Confucius Faced Social Anarchy ◦Confucius lived during the time in China that is known as the Period of the _____________ States  The _________________Dynasty was dead  ______________________was dead ◦To keep society from destroying itself, Confucius knew he needed to reinvent ___________________

7. Two important points of Tradition: ◦1. The degree to which tradition can ___________ a society is amazing! ◦2. Tradition influences society ___________________. Confucius’s contemporaries were guided by ◦______________________ self-interest instead of group-conscious social expectations So, how did he re-invent Tradition?????

8. Rival Answers Enlightenment says _______________ people Realists say “_______ ‘em to make ‘em behave” Mo Ti, a Chinese philosopher, said “don’t use force, use ___________” (a hippie way before his time) Which would Confucius choose??????

9. Confucius’s Answer Confucius chose tradition. ◦He longed for the ________________ times of the Chou Dynasty. ◦He began to deliberately use tradition because the people of his day had lost respect for the ___________________ that spontaneous tradition should have been causing. He met two conditions of re-vitalizing tradition to set the stage for its acceptance ◦He made it ________________ with the past by tying it with what was already familiar ◦He realized what wasn’t working and needed ___________________ in the old way

10. Confucius had to decide how tradition would __________________ society ◦Make _______________ideas a part of every aspect of society  Temples, theaters, homes, toys, proverbs, schools, history, stories, etc. ◦He used his ______________to fit this pattern.  His students recorded these in the ____________________

11. The Content of Deliberate Tradition Confucius used five ideals to make tradition deliberate ◦1. _______________ ◦2. Chun Tzu ◦3. _______________ ◦4. Te ◦5. _______________

12. Jen ◦The ideal relationship between people  _________________ Chun Tzu ◦Humanity at its _______________– Jen has been reached by everyone

13. Li ◦The way things _______________be done  Rectification of Names – ____________ roles should be defined  Doctrine of the Mean – nothing in _________________  Five Constant Relationships ◦ _______________________________ ◦ Husband and wife ◦ _______________________________ ◦ Friends ◦ _______________________________  Age – age earns respect due to the _________________ older people possess. ◦Rituals – following the right details of relationships means life is essentially _____________________ and works well

14. Te ◦The power of _________________ example ◦Society needs leaders who are respected and admired, who set the right examples of _____ Wen ◦The arts of ___________________  Music, poetry, painting  The sum of culture in its _______________ mode

15. The Confucian Project A good man or woman is always trying to become ____________________ A Confucian keeps him/herself active in society – they aren’t _____________________ They recognize that the ____________ is the center of relationships ◦A meeting place where lives ______________ ◦Five Constant Relationships has the roles in each relationship different – does this make one person superior to the other?  No, not as long as they know and practice their role __________________.  Abuse of the relationship occurs when the roles are not __________________.

16. The Five Constant Relationships automatically built the __________________ into Confucian- style politics. ◦Heaven sees as the people see; heaven wills as the people will The Confucian scheme calls for continual ___________________ at all levels of relationships. If all works together well peace is achieved.

17. Ethics or Religion? Confucius believed the world was divided into ______________ and ___________ ◦Ancestors were in Heaven (____) that was controlled by the Supreme Ancestor – ______________ ◦Earth had ___________ on it, waiting to move to Heaven (ti) ◦__________________ was more important ◦Earth communicated with Heaven via sacrifice  The channel for this communication was called __________________

18. It was important to communicate with ancestors because they knew the past and that helped them ______________ those on Earth regarding the future. ◦Ancestors couldn’t talk, so they sent _______– weather signs, animal signs, physical signs, etc. Confucius shifted the emphasis from Heaven to _____________ in his teachings.

19. A hotly debated topic of his day: ◦Which should come ___________ earthlings or ancestors? ◦Confucius said ______________ – ancestors are already dead. This shifted attention away from ancestor worship to ________________. ◦He did say to continue to revere ancestors “as if they were present”

20. Confucius believed there was a power in the universe that made sure “___________” was rewarded. ◦He called this the Will of Heaven – the first thing ______________ will respect. Confucius believed once all was right with the self, the person would become _______ with humanity and the universe.

21. Impact on China Confucianism founded a class of _______________ who would become the ruling elite in China. ◦Confucius became the most important figure in __________________ history ◦130 BCE Confucian texts were the basic discipline to train _____________ officials ◦The ______________ Dynasty made Confucianism China’s state religion

22. China combines Confucianism with other things in life ◦Confucian in ________________and public life ◦Taoist in __________________life and hygiene ◦Buddhist in matters relating to _____________ ◦Shamanistic ________________added in Scholars believe ancestor worship and filial piety have made the ____________ the religion of China

23. Due to Confucianism and its Doctrine of the ________________, the Chinese today still consider it a _________________to have to settle matters in court Due to Wen, Chinese culture was very strong in the arts – even invaders often _________________ into the Chinese way of life Growth of many East Asian countries can be attributed to Confucianism – link social technology with scientific technology and get the formula for _________________success!