1. KINGDOMS

2. Bacteria Prokaryotes (no true nucleus) Unicellular Autotrophic (makes own food) Heterotrophic (consumes others) Chemoautotroph (break down inorganic compounds to make food)

3. Bacteria Most bacteria reproduce asexually through binary fission

4. Archaebacteria Archaebacteria (ancient bacteria) – no peptidoglycan in cell wall Live in some of the most extreme environments such as hot springs, steam vents, intestines of animals. Hot Springs in Yellowstone National Park

5. Eubacteria Eubacteria (true bacteria) – most common; has peptidoglycan in cell wall;

6. Eubacteria Knowing the amount of peptidogylcan will determine what kind of Gram stain the bacteria will “take”; knowing this can help to administer the correct antibiotics Gram Positive Gram Negative

7. Bacteria are classified by shape Round (cocci) Rod (bacilli) Spiral (spirilla) Streptococcus Bacillus Cholera spirilla

8. ANTIBIOTICS = chemicals that interfere with the life processes of bacteria

9. Protista Mostly unicellular, some are multicellular (algae) Can be heterotrophic and autotrophic Most live in water All are eukaryotic A protist is any organism that is not a plant, animal or fungus; this is why it is known as the “junk drawer” kingdom

10. Animal-like Protists : Protozoans Four phyla of Protozoans –Zooflagellates –Sarcodines –Ciliates –Sporozoans

11. Zooflagellates Move using one or two flagella

12. Sacrodines Moves using pseudopodia (“false feet”), which are like extensions of the cytoplasm Ingests food by surrounding and engulfing food (endocytosis) Can cause diarrhea and stomach upset from drinking contaminated water. Example – amoebas

14. Ciliates Move using cilia Has 2 nuclei Food is gathered in a mouth pore and wastes are removed from an anal pore Exhibits avoidance behavior Example – paramecium

16. Sporozoans Do not move on their own Parasitic Malaria is caused by a sporozoan (Plasmodium), which infects the liver and blood; transmitted by mosquitoes

17. Plant-like Protists - Algae All are photosynthetic Classified based on pigment –Green –Red –Brown

18. Green Algae Most diverse group of algae Has chlorophyll Example - Volvox

19. Red Algae Has a red pigment that allows them to grow at greater depths Used for food in some Asian countries

20. Brown Algae Important source of food in ocean Common problem for aquariums Example - Kelp

21. Fungi Eukaryotic Cell wall with chitin Unicellular and multicellular Heterotrophic Decomposers

22. Fungi Most are made of thin filaments called hyphae. One cell thick and look like threads under the microscope What gives mold a fuzzy texture

23. Fungi As the hyphae continue to grow, it becomes tangled and produces mycelium. This continues until the food source is gone.

24. Fungi Reproduce asexually and sexually. Asexual –budding, fragmentation and spores Sexually –hyphae fuse to form a diploid cell

25. Fungi Yeast is the only unicellular fungus. Mushrooms and molds are multicelluar.

26. Plantae Eukaryotic Cell wall with cellulose Multicellular Autotrophic Has chloroplasts Reproduce asexually and sexually

27. Plantae Divided into 2 divisions –Nonvascular and Vascular Nonvascular lacks vascular tissue Vascular has vascular tissue

28. Plantae Nonvascular plants are very small and live on land in a moist environment. Mosses are the most common along with liverworts and hornworts

29. Plantae Vascular plants have true roots, stems and leaves and xylem and phloem. Separated into 2 groups – seedless and seed producing plants

30. Plantae Seedless Vascular Plants – ferns, club mosses, horsetails and whisk ferns.

31. Plantae Two Groups – gymnosperms and angiosperms

32. Plantae Gymnosperms – means “naked seed” because seeds are exposed in a cone. Includes cycads, gingkos and conifers

33. Plantae Angiosperms – are flowering plants and produce seed that are enclosed by a fruit Most dominant type of plant on earth

34. Animalia Eukaryotic No cell wall Multicellular Heterotrophic Reproduce sexually

35. Animalia Divided into 2 major groups based on the presence of internal skeleton –Invertebrate –Vertebrates

36. Animalia Invertebrates are animals without a backbone Sponges, jellyfish, worms, snails, insects and starfish

37. Animalia Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone. Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals

38. Animalia Two types of symmetry –Radial –Bilateral