1. Wake-up 1.Explain the difference between acid deposition and global warming. 2.What is urbanization?

2. EOC Review #6: Ecology

3. Two Laws that Allow Ecosystems to Function: #2 The Cycling of Nutrients Nutrients = Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, Sulfur, Phosphorus

4. Water cycle

5. Carbon Cycle

6. Nitrogen cycle Nitrogen is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere!!!!

7. BUT it is in a form that organisms are unable to use

8. Why do we need NITROGEN?

9. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria, found on plant roots in nodules, are able to change this unusable gas into a usable form

11. Nitrogen cycle

13. Ecology Basics – Food Webs and Energy Flow

14. Identify 3 Abiotic and Biotic Factors in the Picture Below

15. Levels of Organization within the Environment 1.INDIVIDUA L or SPECIES: One organism

16. Levels of Organization within the Environment 2. POPULATION: Group of similar individuals/species

17. Levels of Organization within the Environment 3. COMMUNITY: Group of populations living together

18. Levels of Organization within the Environment 4. ECOSYSTEM: All the communities (biotic) “living” with the abiotic parts of the environment

19. Levels of Organization within the Environment 5. BIOSPHERE: All the ecosystems on the planet

20. Two Laws that Allow Ecosystems to Function: #1 The Flow of Energy; The Sun is the ULTIMATE source of energy for living things

21. Organism can feed using two methods: Autotroph/Producer Organisms make their own food in their cells - automatically

22. Energy source for Producer Sun

23. Example of Producers: PLANTS

24. Bacteria

25. Phytoplankton (phyto=light)

26. Organism can feed using two methods: Heterotroph/Consumer Organisms cannot make their own food in their cells – need to eat/consume

27. Herbivore Consumer that eats ONLY producers

28. Carnivore: Consumer that eats ONLY other “meat”; other consumers

29. Omnivore: Consumer that eats BOTH producers and consumers

30. Scavenger: Consumer that eats the remains of dead/decaying organisms

31. Decomposer: Consumer that breaks down the remains of dead/decaying organisms; returns nutrients to the producers

32. Each organism in a food chain has a trophic level; A trophic level is a feeding level

33. Energy Flow in Ecosystem Sun is the ultimate energy source in ecosystems

34. How much energy is lost? 90% of the energy is lost; only 10% available energy moves to the next trophic level

35. Energy Pyramid Diagram representing the amount of available energy

36. Community Interactions

37. Spider and Insect The spider is eating an insect that it has trapped.

38. Predator-Prey

39. OxPecker Bird and Hoofed Mammal The oxpecker eats parasites on the mammal which is food for the bird and removal of danger for the mammal

41. Mutualism

42. Whale and Barnacle The barnacle larvae swim around, attach to the whale. This habitat is a good one for providing food. The whale does not “appear” to be harmed.

43. Commensalism

44. Wasp and Hornworm Larva Adult wasps insert their eggs beneath the skin of the hornworm larva. The eggs hatch and the young feed hornworm until they form a pupa. The worm is killed.

45. Parasitism

46. Populations

47. Factors that can cause a population change: 1. Number of Births

48. Factors that can cause a population change: 2. Number of Deaths

49. Factors that can cause a population change: 3. Immigration- Coming into a new environment

50. Factors that can cause a population change: 4. Emigration: Leaving an environment

51. J-Shaped Growth Curve # of Individuals Time Exponential Growth

52. S-Shaped Growth Curve (Logistic) # of Individuals Time

53. Explanation of Acid Deposition Rain, sleet, or snow that have a low pH; it is acidic. Natural rain has a pH of about 5.6; Acid rain has a pH less than 5.6

54. Sources: Industrial and Vehicle Emissions; Burning Coal

55. Global Warming The gradual increase in the temperature of the earth's atmosphere due to increased amounts of greenhouse gases.

56. Sources of Increased Greenhouse Gases: Burning of Fossil Fuels

57. Habitat Destruction A natural habitat is damaged or destroyed; it is no longer capable of supporting the species that live there.

58. Urbanization: Development of cities

59. Invasive Species Non-native species that threaten ecosystems, habitats, or species

60. What is a Pesticide? Chemical used to kill “pests” or unwanted organisms

61. DDT – Pesticide introduced in the 1940s Used to control malaria, typhus, and for insect control in crop, livestock, homes, and gardens.

62. Increase in concentration of a substance in food chains * Biomagnification