1. Skeletal Muscle Functions
Produce movement
Maintain posture
Stabilize joints
Generate heat

2. Muscles & Body Movements
Movement is attained due to a muscle moving an attached bone
Muscles are attached to at least 2 points
Origin
Attachment to immoveable bone
Insertion
Attachment to movable bone
Complete & color-code
(#14)

3. Types of Muscles Complete #16
Prime mover—muscle with major responsibility for a certain movement
Antagonist—muscle that opposes or reverses a prime mover
Synergist—muscle that aids a prime mover in a movement & helps prevent rotation
Fixator—stabilizes origin of a prime mover
Complete #16

4. Naming Skeletal Muscles
By direction of muscle fibers
Examples
Rectus (straight)
Transverse (horizontal)
Oblique (angle)
By relative size of the muscle
Maximus (largest)
Minimus (smallest)
Longus (longest)
By location of the muscle
Examples
Temporalis (temporal bone)
Occipitalis (occipital bone)
By number of origins
Triceps (3 heads)
Biceps (2 heads)
Quadriceps (4 muscles in group)

5. Naming Skeletal Muscles
By location of the muscle’s origin & insertion
Example
Sternocleidomastoid (on the sternum)
By action of the muscle
Examples
Flexor (flexes a bone)
Extensor (extends a bone)
Abductor (abducts a limb)
Adductor (adducts a limb)
By shape of the muscle
Deltoid (triangular)
Trapezius (trapezoid)

6. Today in Human Anatomy... Anatomy Fun Fact: Week #6 (11/16-11/20)
Warm Up – Mon, 11/16:
- Check for Latin Flash Cards
Have out:
Muscular Sys. notes Pt 1
Mr. Muscle Man
Pick up:
Same colored pencil as yesterday’s
Muscle Tissue Comparison wkst
Muscle diagrams
Web of Life article & questionnaire (EC)
Anatomy Fun Fact:
There are muscle cells in the longest body muscle (Sartorius) which are more than a foot in length.
Homework:
Rubber bones Lab (3I) – Tues, 11/17
Muscles Quiz #1 – Wed, 11/18
Muscles Quiz #2 – Mon, 11/23
Agenda:
Continue Muscular System
Finish coloring muscle worksheets
Continue with types of muscle tissue notes
Learning Goal: I will be able to describe the structure & function of the Muscular System. 6

7. Superficial Muscles: Anterior
Identify (by number) & color-code (all the same color) the following Anterior Muscles:
-Orbicularis oris
-Pectoralis major
-External oblique
-Adductor group
-Vastus medialis
Muscle Quiz #1

8. Superficial Muscles: Posterior
Per. 4 start - Tues
Superficial Muscles: Posterior
Identify (by number) & color-code (all the same color) the following Posterior Muscles:
-Adductor group
-Gluteus maximus
-Gastrocnemius
Muscle Quiz #1

9. Naming Skeletal Muscles Review
Identify 1 skeletal muscle we have learned that is named for…
Its relative size?
Gluteus maximus
Its location on the body?
Latissimus dorsi
Its shape?
Orbicularis oris
The number of origins?
Biceps brachii
The direction of muscle fibers?
External obliques

10. Have out your Muscle Tissue Comparison checklist…
How many different types of muscle
tissue is found in the body? 3!

11. The Muscular System
Muscles are responsible for all types of body movement
3 muscle types are found in the body
Skeletal muscle
Attached to bone & skin
Produce movement, stabilize joints, provide posture & generate heat
Cardiac muscle
Walls of the heart
Protect the heart & produce contractions of the heart walls
Smooth muscle
Walls of hollow visceral (i.e, stomach) organs (except heart)
Protect organs & produce slow contractions

12. Comparison of Skeletal, Cardiac & Smooth Muscles

13. Characteristics of Muscles
All muscles share some terminology
myo & mys refer to “muscle”
sarco refers to “flesh”
Skeletal & smooth muscle cells are elongated (muscle cell = muscle fiber)
Contraction of muscles is due to the movement (pulling together) of microfilaments (micro = “small”; fila = “thread”)

14. Smooth Muscle Characteristics
Lacks striations
Spindle-shaped cells
Single nucleus
Involuntary—no conscious control
Contractions happen very slowly
Found mainly in the walls of hollow organs
Stomach, urinary bladder, respiratory passages

15. Cardiac Muscle Characteristics
Striations
Usually has a single nucleus
Branching cells
Joined to another muscle cell at an intercalated disc
Involuntary
Contractions happen slowly
Found only in the heart

16. Skeletal Muscle Characteristics
Most are attached by tendons to bones
Cells are multinucleated
Striated—have visible banding
Voluntary—subject to conscious control
Contractions happen slow to fast
Muscles are either contracted or relaxed
Contracted the muscle exerts pulling force = muscle shortens
Since muscles can only pull (not push), they work in pairs (antagonistic muscles)
Example: Biceps & Triceps
Muscle that bends joint is called the flexor muscle
Muscle that straightens joint is called the extensor muscle
Which is the flexor muscle?
Extensor muscle?

17. EXAMPLE

18. Closing Activity Comparing 3 Muscles Tissues wkst
Per. 1 start - Wed
Closing Activity
Comparing 3 Muscles Tissues wkst
Work INDIVIDUALLY on the wkst using the notes we just discussed!

19. Today in Human Anatomy... Anatomy Fun Fact: Agenda: Homework:
Week #6 (11/17-11/21)
Warm Up – Wed, 11/18:
- Review Quiz #1 Muscle Group
Turn in:
Nothing
Pick up:
Comparing the 3 muscles tissues wkst
4 colored pencils
Muscle Worksheets
Anatomy Fun Fact:
Muscles in the middle of the ear are the smallest muscles present in the human body.
Agenda:
Muscles Quiz #1
Identify Muscle Quiz #2 Muscles
Notes: Finish Types of Muscle Tissue
Microscope Activity: Types of Muscle Tissue
Homework:
Muscles Quiz #2 – Mon, 11/23
Learning Goal: I will be able to describe the structure & function of the Muscular System. 19

20. Muscles to Identify Quiz #1
Pick up 1 colored pencil (ALL muscles will be color-code with 1 color).
QUIETLY take the quiz & turn it in to the Hmwk Bin when finished.
Take out Mr. Muscles, your other muscle diagrams & flashcards for your next set of muscles (Quiz #2)!

21. Superficial Muscles: Anterior
Identify (by number) & color-code (all the same color) the following Anterior Muscles:
-Sternocleidomastoid
-Biceps brachii
-Deltoid
-Vastus lateralis
-Transverse abdominis
Muscle Quiz #2

22. Superficial Muscles: Posterior
Identify (by number) & color-code (all the same color) the following Posterior Muscles:
-Latissimus dorsi
-Deltoid
-Semitendinosus
Muscle Quiz #2

23. Connective Tissue Wrappings & Attachments of Skeletal Muscle
Label your drawing!
Tendons—cord-like structures
Mostly collagen fibers
Attach muscle belly to bone
Figure 6.1

24. Connective Tissue Wrappings & Attachments of Skeletal Muscle
Cells are surrounded & bundled by connective tissue
Fascia—tough connective tissue, outside of the epimysium of the muscle belly, that creates a 3-D web around every muscle
Figure 6.1

25. Connective Tissue Wrappings & Attachments of Skeletal Muscle
Cells are surrounded & bundled by connective tissue
Epimysium—covers the entire skeletal muscle (muscle belly)
Label your drawing &
use 1 color to identify the muscle belly!
Figure 6.1

26. Connective Tissue Wrappings & Attachments of Skeletal Muscle
Label your drawing &
use a different color to identify the fascicles!
Cells are surrounded & bundled by connective tissue
Perimysium—wraps around a fascicle (bundle) of muscle fibers
Figure 6.1

27. Connective Tissue Wrappings & Attachments of Skeletal Muscle
Cells are surrounded & bundled by connective tissue
Endomysium—encloses a single muscle fiber
Label your drawing &
use another color to identify the muscle fiber/cell!
Figure 6.1

28. Microscopic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle
Label your drawing &
use your last color to identify the myofibrils!
Sarcolemma—specialized plasma membrane that surrounds a myofibril
Myofibrils—long organelles inside muscle cell

29. REVIEW of SKELETAL MUSCLE STRUCTURE: Play Doh Model Challenge
Per. 1 - The end
REVIEW of SKELETAL MUSCLE STRUCTURE: Play Doh Model Challenge
Using the 4 colors of modeling clay, develop a mini replica of skeletal muscle, including…
1 muscle belly
At least 3 fascicles
At least 3 muscle fibers within each fascicle
At least 3 myofibrils within each muscle fiber
Muscle belly
Fascicles
Muscle fibers
Myofibrils