1. Research Essay The Isonzo and Hemingway

2. How did the Italians capture Gorizia? What did it mean to shell it or bomb it "only a little, in a military way"? Why was the town strategically important?

3. Thesis Statement Why was the town strategically important? How did the Italians capture Gorizia? What did it mean to shell it or bomb it "only a little, in a military way"? Why was the town strategically important?

4. History Highly defensible frontier Highly defensible frontier Strategic base for an offensive Strategic base for an offensive One of the greatest kill zones of the First World War One of the greatest kill zones of the First World War

5. Hemingway Autumn at the beginning of the novel Happiness at the beginning/Felt comfortable at Milan/Out of place back at the front Protection within the mountains and the river bed leads to the stall and retreat of the Italian Army Protection within the mountains and the river bed leads to the stall and retreat of the Italian Army

6. Support How did the Italians capture Gorizia? How did the Italians capture Gorizia? What did it mean to shell it or bomb it "only a little, in a military way"? Why was the town strategically important?

7. History Italians attacked everywhere but gained little anywhere Italians attacked everywhere but gained little anywhere Social and economic strains on the nation Social and economic strains on the nation Effort to keep popular support Effort to keep popular support Italians focused ten divisions against Austria- Hungary’s two Italians focused ten divisions against Austria- Hungary’s two

8. Hemingway (In the beginning) Hemingway (Frederic) enjoyed the war (In the beginning) Hemingway (Frederic) enjoyed the war Volunteered as an ambulance driver with the Italian Army because he was unable to serve in the American Army Volunteered as an ambulance driver with the Italian Army because he was unable to serve in the American Army While the description is cheery, there is an underlying feeling of death that foreshadows Caporetto and Catherine While the description is cheery, there is an underlying feeling of death that foreshadows Caporetto and Catherine

9. Support What did it mean to shell it or bomb it "only a little, in a military way"? How did the Italians capture Gorizia? What did it mean to shell it or bomb it "only a little, in a military way"? Why was the town strategically important?

10. History A Delimitation Commission following the war of 1866 had given Austria the frontier A Delimitation Commission following the war of 1866 had given Austria the frontier Italy joined the war early in effort to reclaim land cheap Italy joined the war early in effort to reclaim land cheap Recaptured the area after the Battle of Caporetto Recaptured the area after the Battle of Caporetto

11. Hemingway Hints to the fact that they will be returning Hints to the fact that they will be returning Foreshadows leaving and returning Foreshadows leaving and returning Shows beauty surrounded by destruction

12. Commentary The following three battles started the downward spiral of the morale of the Italian Army Lead up to the defeat at Caporetto

13. Commentary Starts Frederic’s disenchantment of war Foreshadows Catherine’s death