1. Obesity in the UK Warda Salim Aryan Ala’Aldeen

2. Definition Obesity is when a persons body weight is 20% beyond their ideal weight It is a condition in which excess body fat has been accumulated to such an extent that their health is being negatively affected and may lead to more cases of mortality Bariatrics is the name given to the branch of medicine which deals with patients suffering with obesity

3. Obesity is evaluated by measuring -: – BMI (body mass index) – Waist circumference – Evaluating the presence of risk factors BMI takes into consideration a persons height in metres and weight in kg using the formula -: Quantitative indication of obesity

5. Causes The intake of too many calories ack of exercise – career orientation, transport options and fast food Lack of exercise – career orientation, transport options and fast food obese parents Parental influence – children who have obese parents have approximately 70% chance of becoming obese compared with children that have normal ranged parents, where they only have 20% chance. Pregnancy at a later age Pregnancy at a later age Lack of sleep Lack of sleep Eating disorders

6. Medical reasons insulin antidepressants Medical reasons – certain medication can cause weight gain or changes in body composition- these include insulin, atypical antidepressants, steroids and hormonal contraception. Prader Willi syndromeCohen syndrome Hypothyroidism, Cushings syndromeand eating disorders Genetic syndromes such as Prader Willi syndrome, Cohen syndrome as well as congenital or acquired syndromes Hypothyroidism, Cushings syndrome and eating disorders – binge eating and night eating disorders

7. Effects Osteoarthritis - Bone and cartilage degeneration especially prevalent in knee j. Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Hypertension - High blood pressure e.g. arteriosclerosis High cholesterol - fatty deposits in blood vv. Respiratory problems e.g. asthma Type 2 diabetes - Adult onset diabetes Stroke - Deprivation of oxygen to the brain Cancer GIT related diseases e.g. gallbladder disease

8. Impact Obesity is a public health and policy problem, because of its prevalence, costs and health effects. Efforts – healthy meal programs at schools, increase bicycle routes and park access. An economic strain on the country. Services must accommodate obese people with special facilities e.g. wheelchairs. It has become a disadvantage for employment that more people are becoming obese, and thus increase business costs.

9. Treatment Healthy diet and exercise – diet programs set up in order to loose weight Spreading awareness and education on risks and how to stay healthy Liposuction Anti-obesity medication – e.g. Orlistat, Sibutramine and Amphetamines Bariatric surgery - major costs but surgery may also have complications. This is option for those with BMI above 40, and have failed to loose weight by natural means

11. References http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity_in_the_ United_Kingdom http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity_in_the_ United_Kingdom http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases /obe/obe_causes.html http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases /obe/obe_causes.html http://www.annecollins.com/obesity/uk- obesity-statistics.htm http://www.annecollins.com/obesity/uk- obesity-statistics.htm www.google.com