2.  their most dependent crop failed to harvest three years in a row  Great potato famine  over 750,000 people starved to death

3.  fled to escape persecution during the revolt  few places other than the U.S. allowed German immigrants

4. IrishGermans MassachusettsNew York New JerseyBaltimore New YorkCincinnati PennsylvaniaSt. Louis  severe unemployment and almost inconceivable hardships  from 1820-1870 over seven and a half million immigrants came to the U.S.

5.  very low-paying jobs carpenters, clerks, shoemakers/tailors, and domestic servants  Many constructed railroads and built canals Low-paying jobs = poor living conditions

6.  natives started the political organization known as the Know-Nothing Party  excluded Catholics and immigrants from public office  twenty-one years before becoming a citizen