1. Bio 3411 Midterm Review: Structure/Development/Systems/Pla stics/Talents/Diseases/Genes Wednesday October 27, 2010 10/27/101Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

2. Structure – General Overview 10/27/102Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

3. THE BRAIN ATLAS 3 rd ed, p. 8 Mid-line (sagittal) section through central nervous system (CNS). Note the relationship between vertebrae (BLACK), segments of the spinal cord (RED) and spinal nerves (YELLOW). 10/27/103Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

4. THE BRAIN ATLAS 3 rd ed, p. 9 The different regions of the brain from the lateral (side) and median section (middle) human brain. These brain regions are discernable in in all vertebrates and in early embryos. (cerebral cortex = gold; thalamus = blue/purple; midbrain = orange; pons = purple, cerebellum = blue; medulla = red/orange; spinal cord = green) 10/27/104Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

5. Photograph of neurons stained by Golgi’s method which fills processes of some cells with black precipitates of heavy metals and Nissl which stains all nuclei and neuronal cytoplasm blue. 10/27/105Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

6. A neuron grown in tissue culture that is stained with antibodies for pre and post synaptic proteins. Red shows presynaptic and green shows postsynaptic localization. Yellow indicates close proximity of the two at synapses. This picture indicates the number, distribution and density of synapses on a nerve cell the role of which is to “integrate” information from many sources. 10/27/106Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

7. Development 10/27/107Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

8. 10/27/108Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

9. 10/27/109Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

10. 10/27/1010Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

11. Systems 10/27/1011Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

12. Mixed spinal nerve Periphery (skin, muscle, etc.) Segmental nerve: (posterior (dorsal) root = sensory - touch; anterior (ventral) root = motor -movement; spinal or posterior (dorsal) root ganglion = sensory nerve cell bodies) Spinal cord back = posterior front = anterior 10/27/1012Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

13. THE BRAIN ATLAS 3 rd ed, p. 183 Foot Hand Face Body 10/27/1013Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

14. Sources of Descending Pathways for Movement Control 10/27/1014Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

15. Touch Vision Movement Hearing Angular gyrus Broca’s area Wernicke’s area 10/27/1015Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

16. Special Talents 10/27/1016Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

17. Albert Einstein – “for my scientific thinking” …“words do not seem to play any role” … but there is “associative play” of “more or less clear images” of a “visual and muscular type.” 10/27/1017Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

18. Plastics 10/27/1018Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

19. Normal Adult Most Whiskers Removed at Birth A Row of Whiskers Removed at Birth An Arc of Whiskers Removed at Birth 10/27/1019Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

20. Martin et al (1996) Brain 119:1183; 119:1199. With “prism goggles” off, tosses are slowly corrected to hit target. Before “prism goggles”, tosses hit target With “prism goggles” on, tosses are slowly corrected to hit target. 10/27/1020Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

21. Diseases 10/27/1021Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

22. Descending systems from the brain influence cells in the spinal cord to create movements. The cerebellum and the basal ganglia indirectly influence movements as indicated schematically here. Neuroscience, Fig 15.1, p. 372 10/27/1022Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

23. Sites of self stimulation in the rat (arrows) 10/27/1023Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

24. 10/27/1024Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

25. Genes 10/27/1025Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

26. Victor McKusick organized a catalog of human inherited conditions first published in 1966. Since then the number has grown approximately 15 fold. Of these, an increasing number of conditions has been identified as having some component related to the nervous system. From: McKusick 2001 JAMA Added After Lecture 10/28/05 10/27/1026Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

27. From: Bellugi et al 2001 TINS 10/27/1027Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

28. Summary 10/27/1028Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

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31. 10/27/1031Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review