1. Energy & Life

2. Interest Grabber Feel the Burn Do you like to run, bike, or swim? Section 9-1 1.How does your body feel at the start of exercise, such as a long, slow run? How do you feel 1 minute into the run; 10 minutes into the run? 2.What do you think is happening in your cells to cause the changes in how you feel? 3.Think about running as fast as you can for 100 meters. Could you keep up this pace for a much longer distance? Explain your answer.

3. Conc. Gradient (ATP)

5. Energy What is energy? –The ability to do work Importance: need to obtain & use energy for life to exist Forms: –Light –Heat –Electricity –Stored (in chemical compounds)

6. Producers & Consumers of Energy Producers of energy = Autotrophs –Able to make their own energy –Plants & other types of organisms Consumers of energy = Heterotrophs –Have to eat something else to obtain energy (a plant or another animal) –Animals, Fungus (yeast!)

7. Release of Energy Energy is transferred – not recycled –What does this mean? Examples? Food we eat broken down to release energy Sunlight energy into plants to make food Water behind a dam Coal/fossil fuels burning WHICH ARE NATURAL PATHWAYS?

8. What is the ultimate source for energy? Analyze the energy and matter relationship in the diagram Summarize using your own words!

9. Focus on chemical energy Thanks to plants, we have food – a source of chemical energy Now what? Eat, digest and use the macrolecules = breaking of high energy bonds to low energy bonds to transfer energy –Lots of energy in the covalent bonds!!!

10. Food to ATP

11. Super Important Chemical ATP ATP –Adenosine triphosphate – this is what your cells need to do work! – When do cells do work? How does ATP provide energy?

12. ATP needs to be regenerated –It provides energy needed for lots of processes so needs to be regenerated often –Food you eat releases energy to make ATP

14. Storing & Releasing Energy Which part of the structure of ATP is the key to storing & releasing of energy? More work in the cell = more ATP ATP is the "universal molecule of energy transfer" in living things.

16. The ATP Cycle ATP loses a phosphate & in the process releases the energy stored in the bond –the energy is used by the cell –This produces ADP

18. ATP Cycle Continued To generate ATP again –we must add energy back in order to create the energy rich phosphate bond The energy ultimately from the Sun via photosynthesis -----> stored as glucose. –Glucose itself is used as a "fuel" to create more ATP.

19. Food For Thought What do your cells need energy for? Why do your cells only have a small amount of ATP in them at any given time? How is ATP like a fully charged battery? How is ADP like a partially charged battery?

20. You are what you eat

21. Food Label Analysis 1 Calorie = 1kcalorie or 1,000 calories Calorie = calorie The “C” in Calorie is a nutritional unit

22. What? Here’s why nutritionist use “C” Calorie The label shows that the food provides 200 Calories of energy. 200 Calories = 200 kcalories 200 kcal = _______________calories

23. So what does 200 Calories mean? 200 Calories = 200 kcal = 200,000 calories so…. If you burned food containing 200,000 calories it would raise the temp. of 1 gram of water by __________⁰C Or it would raise the temp of 10 grams of water by ________⁰C Or it would raise the temp of 100 grams of water by ________⁰C Or it would raise the temp of 100,000 grams of water by ________⁰C

24. Calorimetry This would be fun to try – except we would need to make some modifications. Why? How improve? How does one measure a gram of water?

25. Modifications to make accurate measurements Your ideas: Pre-lab reading

26. Sample problems

27. Post lab Calories from the various macromolecules in your food – Proteins = 4kcal/g – Carbohydrates = 4kcal/g – Lipids = 9kcal/g Why so much more energy from lipids?

28. include that consist of which contain that consist of which contain Section 2-3 Concept Map

29. Carbon Compounds include that consist of which contain that consist of which contain Section 2-3 Concept Map CarbohydratesLipidsNucleic acidsProteins Sugars and starches Fats and oilsNucleotidesAmino Acids Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Carbon,hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus Carbon, hydrogen,oxygen, nitrogen,

30. Patient Challenge Research the caloric intake and needs of a hypothetical patient. !