1. Hindi Language
By: Savina Singh
WLC-212

2. History Hindi developed in 8th-10th Centuries from Khari Boli
Switched to Urdu because of Muslim invaders
Indigenous population borrowed from Sanskrit
Sanskrit is the major source of Hindi
Devanagari Script – land of gods

3. Regions – Hindi as Official Language
Approximately 298 million speakers

4. Different Dialects Braj Bhasha – Religious scriptures
Oldest dialect – Khari Boli
Haryanvi – State of Haryana
Dehati – Lower caste, Low-income speakers
Bundeli, Awadh, Chattisgarhi, Bagheli, and Kannauji

5. Alphabet systems and Orthographic Conventions

6. Orthography Cont.….

7. Hindi Phonology Velar Palatal K: क /kə/ k; English: scald ख /kʰə/
kh; English called
ग /gə/
g; English: game
घ /gʱə/
gh; Aspirated/murmured /g/
ङ /ŋə/
n; English: ring
Palatal
च /cɕə / or / tʃə/
ch; English butcher
छ /cɕʰə / or /tʃʰə/
chh; English: chat
ज /ɟʝə / or / dʒə/
j; English: jam
झ /ɟʝʱə / or / dʒʱə/
jh; Aspirated/murmured /ɟʝ/

8. Hindi Phonology Cont.… Retroflex ट /ʈə/
t; like "t" but with the tongue tip curled back
ठ /ʈʰə/
th; Aspirated /ʈ/
ड /ɖə/
d; like "d" but with the tongue tip curled back
ढ /ɖʱə/
dh; Aspirated/murmured /ɖ/
ण /ɳə/
n; like "n" but with the tongue tip curled back

9. Phonology Cont.… Apico-Dental त /t̪ə/ t; Spanish: tomate थ /t̪ʰə/
th; Aspirated /t̪/
द /d̪ə/
d; Spanish: donde
ध /d̪ʱə/
dh; Aspirated/murmured /d̪/
न /nə/
n; English: name

10. Morphology Gender Differences Past: e/ Present: en/ Future: enge
Sg. Pl.
Dir. Obl. Dir. Obl. Voc.
Masc. -ā -e -õ -o
+õ o
Fem ī, -i, -iyā -iyā -iyõ -iyo
+ẽ õ +o
Past: e/ Present: en/ Future: enge

11. Unique Greeting and Idiom
Unique Greeting Unique Idiom
Khoon Bhari Maang

12. Pragmatics Bus Vehicle - Same as English Argument - Keep Quiet
During meal – I don’t want anymore or I’m done
Are you done?
Sarcasm

13. Personal
Hindi is one of the oldest languages in the world, and enriched with culture and values.
Personal relevance: Part of my heritage, and necessary to communicate with family.
Computer Industry, and India’s growing economy.

14. References
Hindi Language Information. (n.d). Retrieved May 1, 2015, from
Hindi Grammar Online. (n.d). Retrieved May 2, 2015, from
Hindustani Grammar. (n.d). Retrieved May 2, 2015, from
Rana. S, personal interview, May 1, 2015.