1. I. The Kingdom Protista A. What is a Protist?
Any eukaryote that is not an animal, plant, or fungus
a. Eukaryote – any unicellular or multicellular organism that has a nucleus and other organelles within its cell or cells
2. Most unicellular, some multicellular.

2. II. Protists were the first eukaryotic organisms to evolve on Earth
Lynn Margulis- hypothesized first eukaryotic cell formed by a close relationship among several prokaryotes
Many scientists agree that animals and plants evolved from protists.

4. III. Classification of Protists
Classified by how they obtain food. Include: Animal-like, Plant-like, and Fungus-like protists

5. Animal-like
IV. Protozoans- animal-like protists (Consumers) obtain food from environment (they eat).
Ex: Paramecium and Amoeba

6. Trichosysts - protection Oral groove -mouth
Figure 20-5 A Ciliate
Lysosomes - digestion
Section 20-2
Trichosysts - protection
Oral groove -mouth
Gullet - stomach
Anal Pore – waste removal
Contractile Vacuole – water removal
Micronucleus –Back up memory
Cilia -movement
Food Vacuoles – Store food
Macronucleus – Daily functions
Go to Section:

8. An Amoeba Contractile vacuole Pseudopods Nucleus Food vacuole
Section 20-2
Food vacuole
Nucleus
Contractile vacuole
Pseudopods
Go to Section:

10. B. Importance of Protozoa (Animal-like protists)
1. Cause many human diseases like African sleeping sickness and amoebic dysentery (diarrhea)

11. Blood culture of Trypanosoma – causes African Sleeping Sickness
Fever, chills, neurological problems, coma, death
Image contributed by Pr. J. Le Bras, Hôpital Bichat

13. Fungus-like
V. Slime molds and Water molds- fungus-like protists are consumers that obtain food by external digestion (this is weird). Act like fungus, but cell structure is like protists, no chitin in cell walls

14. A. Importance of Fungus-Like Protists
- Slime molds- important decomposers in forests and swamps
- Water molds – decomposers in water, parasites on land.
1. Water mold Phytophthora infestans caused the Great Potato Famine in Ireland in 1845.

16. Plant-like
VI. Algae- plant-like protists (producers) use sunlight to make food through the process of photosynthesis.
Ex: Unicellular Algae and Multicellular Algae

19. Carbohydrate storage bodies Chloroplast
Euglena
Section 20-3
Carbohydrate storage bodies
Chloroplast
Gullet
Pellicle - protection
Contractile vacuole –water removal
Flagella-
movement
Eyespot-
Detects light
Nucleus
Go to Section:

22. B. Importance of Algae (plant-like protists)
Unicellular Algae – all contain some type of chlorophyll, most contain accessory pigments used for photosynthesis.
Form the base of food chains in oceans as phytoplankton
Carry out the majority of earth’s photosynthesis – produce most of Earth’s oxygen

23. 2. Algal blooms- huge masses of algae quickly deplete nutrients in water; algal cells quickly die in great numbers; their decay depletes the supply of oxygen in water; kills fish and invertebrates
A. Red tides- blooms of algae that produce a potentially dangerous toxin- shellfish can become full of the toxin- if eaten can cause serious illness, paralysis, even death

24. Algal Blooms

25. 2011 Class Field Trip

26. Red Tides

27. C. Importance of Multi-cellular Algae
Food source for many sea animals.
Home or refuge for many sea animals (kelp forests and Sargasso sea).
Produce much of earth’s oxygen.

28. Human uses
Source of vitamin C and Iron.

29. Human uses
Source of vitamin C and Iron.
Wrap for sushi.

31. Human uses
Source of vitamin C and Iron.
Wrap for sushi.
Additive for ice cream, pudding, candy bars.
Chemicals from Algae used in plastics, waxes, deodorants, paints and lubricants.
Some chemicals extracted from algae used to treat ulcers, high blood pressure, etc.

32. Protists Section 20-1 animallike plantlike Funguslike called called
are classified as
animallike
plantlike
Funguslike
called
called
called
Slim molds
Water molds
protozoa
algae s
which
which
use
Produce food by
photosynthesis
External digestion
Take in food from
environment
and include
Go to Section:
Decomposers
parasites

35. : bioweb.uwlax.edu

36. White Cliffs of Dover