1. Traumatic Brain Injury Dr.Shamekh M. El-Shamy

2. Traumatic Brain Injuries Definition: Definition: An insult to the brain, not of a degenerative or congenital nature but caused by an external physical force.

3. Skull Anatomy Bony ridges

4. Skull Anatomy Injury to frontal lobe from contact with the skull

5. Lobes of the Cerebrum Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Occipital lobe Temporal Lobe Limbic Lobe

6. The Frontal Lobe

7. Frontal Lobe Injury

8. Temporal Lobe

9. Temporal Lobe Injury

10. Parietal Lobe

11. Side Impact Injuries May Impact the Parietal Lobe

12. Occipital Lobe

13. Occipital Lobe Damage

14. The Limbic System

15. Classifications of Brain Injuries Open Closed

16. I- Open injuries:→ penetrating types of wounds → a gunshot, knife, or other sharp object.

17. II- Closed or intracranial injury: -Closed injury → an impact to the head, but the skull does not fracture.

18. Subtypes of Closed Head Injuries ConcussionContusionHematomas

19. Coup injury Contrecoup injury – brain hits skull

20. III- Hematomas A- Epidural hematomas → form between the dura mater and the skull. Epidural Hematoma

21. B- subdural hematoma: → acute venous hemorrhage → rupture to the cortical bridging veins.

22. Subdural Hematoma

23. Secondary Problems Increased Intracranial Pressure. Increased Intracranial Pressure. Anoxic Injuries. Anoxic Injuries. Post-traumatic Epilepsy. Post-traumatic Epilepsy.

24. Patient Examination & Evaluation Glasgow Coma Scale: → assess the individual's level of arousal and function of the cerebral cortex. Glasgow Coma Scale: → assess the individual's level of arousal and function of the cerebral cortex.

25. Classifying the Severity of Traumatic Brain Injury 1- Mild → 2- Moderate → 3- Severe →

26. Thank You