1. PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PART C 5 The Skeletal System

2. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Vertebral Column  Named according to its location  24 single vertebral bones separated by intervertebral discs  Seven cervical vertebrae are in the neck  Twelve thoracic vertebrae are in the chest region  Five lumbar vertebrae are associated with the lower back

3. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Vertebral Column  Nine vertebrae fuse to form two composite bones  Sacrum  Coccyx

4. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Vertebral Column  Normal curvature  Primary curvatures  thoracic and sacral regions  Present from birth  Secondary curvatures  cervical and lumbar regions  Develop after birth

5. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Vertebral Column Figure 5.16

6. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Typical Vertebra- common features  Body(centrum)  Weight bearing  Vertebral arch  Vertebral foramen  Spinal cord passes  Transverse process  Spinous process  Superior & inferior articular processes  Allow joints to form with next vertebra

7. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae Figure 5.18a Cervical Vertebra  Atlas  C1  No body connects to skull  Allows “yes” movements  Axis  C2  Allows “no” movements

8. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae Figure 5.18b  Cervical Vertebrae  C3-C7  Smallest, lightest  Contains foramina  Allows verterbral arteries to pass to the brain

9. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae Figure 5.18c Thoracic Vertebra  T1-T12  Larger  Only vertebra to articulate with ribs  Body is “heart shaped”

10. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae Figure 5.18d Lumbar Vertebra  L1-L5  Massive, block like  Endures most stress  Sturdiest vertebra

11. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sacrum and Coccyx  Sacrum  Formed by the fusion of five vertebrae  Coccyx  Formed from the fusion of three to five vertebrae  “Tailbone,” or remnant of a tail that other vertebrates have

12. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Bony Thorax  Forms a cage to protect major organs  Consists of three parts  Sternum  Ribs  Thoracic vertebrae

13. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Bony Thorax-Sternum  Breast bone - Flat bone, Attached to first seven ribs  3 fused bones  Manubrium  Body  Xiphoid process  Important landmarks  Jugular notch – T3  Sternal angle  Xiphisternal joint – T9

14. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Bony Thorax Figure 5.20a Ribs  12 pair  True ribs (pairs 1–7)  False ribs (pairs 8–12)  Floating ribs (pairs 11– 12)  Intercostal spaces  Spaces between ribs  Filled with muscles that aid breathing