1. Lab Activity 8 Axial Skeleton Martini Chapter 7

2. Axial Skeleton Skull Spine Thoracic Cage Hyoid bone

3. Cervical Spine 7 Vertebra C1-C7 Concave Posterior

4. Thoracic Spine 12 Vertebra T1-T12 Convex Posterior Attach to the ribs

5. Lumbar Spine 5 Vertebra L1-L5 Concave Posterior

6. Sacral Spine 5 Fused Vertebra “Sacrum”

7. Coccyx 4 Fused Vertebra

8. BODY VERTEBRAL ARCH PEDICLE LAMINA TRANSVERSE PROCESS SPINOUS PROCESS VERTEBRAL FORAMEN vertebrae

9. SUPERIOR ARTICULAR PROCESS INFERIOR ARTICULAR PROCESS VERTEBRAL NOTCH

10. Intervertebral Foraminae VERTEBRAL NOTCH COMBINED WITH LOWER VERTEBRA MAKES AN INTERVERTEBRAL FORAMEN NERVE ROOT EXITS HERE

11. Intervertebral Disk annulus fibrosus fibrocartilage nucleus pulposis gel-like center

12. Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7) BODY VERTEBRAL FORAMEN BIFID SPINOUS PROCESS

13. Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7) TRANSVERSE PROCESSES TRANSVERSE FORAMEN

14. Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7) SUPERIOR ARTICULAR FACET SUPERIOR ARTICULAR PROCESS

15. Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7) VERTEBRAL ARCH

16. Cervical Vertebrae C1: Atlas SUPERIOR ARTICULAR FACET

17. Cervical Vertebrae C2: Axis ODONTOID PROCESS (DENS)

18. Cervical Vertebrae C1 & C2 Joined Together PEG OF THE DENS ATTACHES TO THE ANTERIOR PART OF THE C1 VERTEBRA

19. Thoracic Vertebrae DOWNWARD-SLOPING, THIN SPINOUS PROCESS COSTAL FACETS RIB ATTACHMENTS

20. Lumbar Vertebrae THICK, STURDY BODY THICK PROCESSES

21. Sacrum 5 FUSED VERTEBRAE SACRAL PROMONTORY SACRAL FORAMINA

22. Sacroiliac Joints CONNECTION BETWEEN THE SACRUM AND THE HIP BONES

23. Coccyx 4 RUDIMENTARY VERTEBRAE

24. Hyoid Bone GREATER HORN LESSER HORN BODY

25. Sternum MANUBRIUM BODY STERNAL ANGLE XYPHOID PROCESS OSSIFIES AT AGE 40

26. Ribs 1-7: True Ribs TRUE RIBS CONNECT DIRECTLY TO THE STERNUM

27. Ribs 8-10: False Ribs FALSE RIBS CONNECT INTO A COMMON COSTAL CARTILAGE

28. Ribs 11 & 12: Floating Ribs NO CONNECTION TO THE STERNUM

29. Ribs

30. Ribs Attached to Thoracic Vertebrae

31. Costovertebral Angle

32. Frontal Bone SUPRAORBITAL RIDGE

33. Frontal Bone FRONTAL SINUS

34. Parietal Bone

36. Temporal Bone

38. MASTOID PROCESS ZYGOMATIC ARCH MANDIBULAR FOSSA EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS STYLOID PROCESS

39. Temporal Bone JUGULAR FORAMEN CAROTID CANAL

40. Occipital Bone

41. External occipital protuberance OCCIPITAL CONDYLES FORAMEN MAGNUM

42. Sphenoid Bone LESSER WING GREATER WING PTERYGOID PROCESS MEDIAL PTERYGOID PLATE LATERAL PTERYGOID PLATE

43. Sphenoid Bone SPHENOID SINUS PTERYGOID PROCESS

44. Sphenoid Bone LESSER WING GREATER WING SELLA TURCICA HYPOPHYSEAL FOSSA DORSUM SELLAE

45. Ethmoid Bone CRISTA GALLI PERPENDICULAR PLATE CRIBRIFORM PLATE

46. Ethmoid Bone PERPENDICULAR PLATE MIDDLE NASAL CONCHAE

47. Ethmoid Bone CRIBRIFORM PLATE PERPENDICULAR PLATE CRISTAE GALLI

48. Cranium Floor ANTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA MIDDLE CRANIAL FOSSA POSTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA

49. Sagittal Suture BETWEEN THE RIGHT AND LEFT PARIETAL BONES

50. Coronal Suture BETWEEN THE PARIETAL BONES AND THE FRONTAL BONE

51. Squamous Suture BETWEEN THE PARIETAL BONE AND THE TEMPORAL BONE

52. Lambdoid Suture BETWEEN THE PARIETAL BONES AND THE OCCIPITAL BONE

53. Wormian (Sutural) Bones Small islands of bone that fill gaps in sutures. PRESENT IN VARYING AMOUNTS

54. Fetal Skull

55. Fetal Skull Superior View

56. Maxilla HARD PALATE

57. Mandible RAMUS MANDIBULAR CONDYLE CORONOID PROCESS ANGLE BODY MENTAL FORAMEN ALVEOLAR PROCESS

58. Mandible MYLOHYOID LINE MANDIBULAR FORAMEN

59. PALATINE BONE VOMER

60. PALATINE BONE VOMER

61. Zygomatic Bone TEMPORAL PROCESS ZYGOMATIC ARCH

62. Facial Bones NASAL LACRIMAL

63. Facial Bones PERPENDICULAR PLATE (ETHMOID) MIDDLE NASAL CONCHAE (ETHMOID) INFERIOR NASAL CONCHAE VOMER

64. Orbit

65. Sinuses FRONTAL ETHMOID MAXILLARY SPHENOID