1. Skull video  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nc5IRj3OJhE&list=PL609 8E914B07DED08

2. The Vertebral Column  24 single vertebral bones separated by intervertebral discs  7 cervical vertebrae in neck  12 thoracic vertebrae in chest region  5 lumbar vertebrae in lower back

3. The Vertebral Column  9 vertebrae fuse to form 2 composite bones  Sacrum  Coccyx

4. Intervertebral Discs  Pads of flexible fibrocartilage  What happens as you age?

5. The Vertebral Column

6.  Primary curvatures of the thoracic and sacral regions  Present from birth  Secondary curvatures of the cervical and lumbar regions  Develop after birth

7. The Vertebral Column

9. A Typical Vertebrae, Superior View

10. Atlas (C1) has no body Large depressions for skull to rest on “YES”

11. Axis (C2) as pivot to rotate axis Upright process called Dens “NO”

13. C3-C7 Small Light Anteater

15. T1-T12 Ribs Body shaped like heat Giraffe

17. L1-L5 Bodies big and block like Sturdy Moose

18. Vertebral Column  What is the major function of the vertebral column?

19. Vertebral Column  Protection of spinal cord  Attachment of muscles (pelvic, pectoral girdles)  Balance body weight when walking and standing

20. The Bony Thorax  Consists of three parts  Sternum  Ribs  True ribs (pairs 1–7)  False ribs (pairs 8–12)  Floating ribs (pairs 11–12)  Thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12)

21. The Appendicular Skeleton

22. Pectoral Girdle (Shoulder)  Clavicle—collarbone  Scapula—shoulder blade  Allow for exceptional free movement

23. Pectoral Girdle (Shoulder)

25. Upper Limbs  Humerus  Forms the arm  Single bone

26. Upper Limbs  Forearm (2 bones)  Ulna  Radius

27. Hands  Carpals (wrist)  Metacarpals (palm)  Phalanges (fingers)

28. Bones of the Pelvic Girdle  Formed by two coxal (ossa coxae) bones  Composed of three pairs of fused bones  Ilium  Ischium  Pubis  Total weight of body rests here

29. Bones of the Pelvic Girdle

31. Gender differences