1. Features of the Animal Kingdom

2. Characteristics of all animals
Cell organization:
Multicellular
Eukaryotic
No cell wall
Obtain food:
Heterotrophic

3. Characteristics of all animals
Reproduction:
Most sexually (exchange DNA)
Some asexually (no exchange of DNA) (e.g. sponges)
Development: 1 cell becomes many with many different functions (specialization)

4. Characteristics of all animals
Movement:
Most move (motile) at some point
Few are sessile (don’t move)
Nervous and muscular tissues control movement

5. Characteristics of all animals
Body plan/structure:
Bilateral symmetry: 2 similar halves
Radial symmetry: circular, many similar halves
Pentameral symmetry: 5 parts
asymetrical: no symmetry

6. Characteristics of Invertebrates

7. Characteristics of Invertebrates
Symmetry:
Radial and bilateral
most are cephalized (sense organs in a “head” region)
Segmentation:
Series of repeating, regular units

8. Characteristics of Invertebrates
Support for body:
Exoskeleton (outside body)
Pressure of fluids inside
Respiration:
Through skin/body
Few have gills (mollusks)

9. Characteristics of Invertebrates
Circulation:
direct contact with environment (e.g. sponges)
Open circulatory system: fluid released into body and recollected
Closed circulatory system: fluid stays in vessels (arteries, veins, etc.)

10. Characteristics of Invertebrates
Digestion:
At cell level (each cell individually)
“gut” with 1 opening (incomplete)
Complete: 2 openings
Excretion:
At cell level
End of digestive system

11. Characteristics of Invertebrates
Nervous system
None (sponges)
Few cells (ganglia) (e.g. jellies)
“Brain”/brain/nerves (e.g. worms, mollusks, arthropods, echinoderms)

12. Characteristics of Invertebrates
Reproduction
Some asexually (budding)
Some hermaphrodites (both male and female) and can fertilize self
Some hermaphrodites but can not can fertilize self (e.g. segmented worms)
Development
Direct…young appear like small adults
Indirect…young appear different and change

13. Characteristics of Vertebrates

14. Characteristics of Vertebrates
Body Coverings
Called integument
Scales (placoid, leathery, etc.)
Skin (moist or dry)
Feathers
Hair (fur)

15. Characteristics of Vertebrates
Segmentation
Harder to see, but there
Backbone, ribs
Support
Endoskeleton (bone or cartilage or both)

16. Characteristics of Vertebrates
Respiratory system
Gills, lungs, through skin, combination
Circulatory system
Complete…blood always in vessels (veins, arteries, capillaries)
Heart…2 chambers, 3 chambers, 4 chambers

17. Characteristics of Vertebrates
Digestive
Complete, several organs with specialized functions for digestion and absorption
Excretory system
Kidneys for filtering blood

18. Characteristics of Vertebrates
Nervous system
Complete, brain (with different lobes/functions) spinal cord and nerves

19. Characteristics of Vertebrates
Reproduction
Sexual only
external fertilization (outside the body)
internal fertilization (inside the body)
Egg (several kinds), live young (undeveloped), live young (developed)
Development
Direct (young looks like little adult, usu.)

20. Characteristics of Vertebrates