2. American Philosophes Benjamin Franklin Thomas Jefferson John Adams Thomas Paine

3. Tar and Feathering

4. The Boston Massacre ( March 5,1770 )

5. Tea Act (1773) 8 British East India Co.:  Monopoly on British tea imports.  Many members of Parliament held shares.  Permitted the Co. to sell tea directly to colonies without middlemen (cheaper tea!) 8 North expected the cols. to eagerly choose the cheaper tea.

6. Boston Tea Party (1773)

7. The Coercive or Intolerable Acts (1774) Lord North 1. Port Bill 2. Government Act 4. Administration of Justice Act 3. New Quartering Act

8. First Continental Congress (1774) 55 delegates from 12 colonies Agenda  How to respond to the Coercive Acts & the Quebec Act? 1 vote per colony represented.

9. The British Are Coming... Paul Revere & William Dawes make their midnight ride to warn the Minutemen of approaching British soldiers.

10. The Shot Heard ’ Round the World ! Lexington & Concord – April 19,1775

11. The Second Continental Congress (1775) Olive Branch Petition

12. Thomas Paine : Common Sense

13. It was ridiculous for an island to rule a continent. America was not a "British nation"; it was composed of influences and peoples from all of Europe, Even if Britain was the "mother country" of America, that made her actions all the more horrendous, for no mother would harm her children so brutally."mother country"her actions Being a part of Britain would drag America into unnecessary European wars, and keep it from the international commerce at which America excelled.European wars The distance between the two nations made the governing the colonies from England unwieldy. If some wrong were to be petitioned to Parliament, it would take a year before the colonies received a response.Parliament

14. The New World was discovered shortly after the Reformation. The Puritans believed that God wanted to give them a safe haven from the persecution of British rule.New World ReformationPuritanssafe haven Britain ruled the colonies for its own benefit, and did not consider the best interests of the colonists in governing them.own benefit Less-quoted sections of the pamphlet include Paine's over-optimistic view of America's military potential at the time of the Revolution. For example, he spends pages describing how colonial shipyards, by using the large amounts of lumber available in the country, could quickly create a navy that could rival the Royal Navy.

15. Declaration of Independence (1776)

16. Declaration of Independence

17. Independence Hall

18. New National Symbols

20. BritainAmericans Advantages?? Disadvantages?? On the Eve of the Revolution ?

21. Washington’s Headaches Only 1/3 of the colonists were in favor of a war for independence [the other third were Loyalists, and the final third were neutral]. State/colony loyalties. Congress couldn’t tax to raise money for the Continental Army. Poor training [until the arrival of Baron von Steuben.

22. Military Strategies Attrition [the Brits had a long supply line]. Guerilla tactics [fight an insurgent war  you don’t have to win a battle, just wear the British down] Make an alliance with one of Britain’s enemies. The AmericansThe British Break the colonies in half by getting between the No. & the So. Blockade the ports to prevent the flow of goods and supplies from an ally. “Divide and Conquer”  use the Loyalists.

23. Phase I: The Northern Campaign [1775-1776]

24. Bunker Hill (June, 1775) The British suffered over 40% casualties.

25. Phase II: NY & PA [1777-1778]

26. New York City in Flames (1776)

27. Washington Crossing the Delaware Painted by Emanuel Leutze, 1851

28. Saratoga: “Turning Point” of the War? Saratoga: “Turning Point” of the War? A modern-day re-enactment

29. Phase III: The Southern Strategy [1780-1781]

30. Britain’s “Southern Strategy” Britain thought that there were more Loyalists in the South. Southern resources were more valuable/worth preserving. The British win a number of small victories, but cannot pacify the countryside [similar to U. S. failures in Vietnam!] Good US General: Nathanial Greene

31. The Battle of Yorktown (1781) Count de Rochambeau Admiral De Grasse

32. Cornwallis’ Surrender at Yorktown: Painted by John Trumbull, 1797 “The World Turned Upside Down!”

34. North America After the Treaty of Paris, 1783

35. The United States in 1787