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Published bySamson Ramsey Modified over 9 years ago
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Fungi
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Characteristics of fungi Eukaryote Heterotroph Cell wall is present Do not contain chlorophyll Heterotrophs Decomposers (organic matter) Some are parasites Some live in mutualistic relationship (mycorrhiza)
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Shapes and appearance
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Structure Some fungi are unicellular, others are multicellular Multicellular fungi have threads / chains of cells called as hyphae Hyphae grow together to form a mass known as mycelium
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Structure
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Reproduction Asexual – Hyphae break and form new fungus – Asexual spores Sexual – Spores are formed from sex cells – Spores are dispersed and generate new fungi
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Classification based on shape and the mode of reproduction Thread-like fungi ( Bread mold ) Sac fungi ( Yeast, mildew, morels)- Reproduce by budding Club fungi ( Mushrooms) Non mushroom club fungi ( Bracket fungi, rust, smut) Imperfect fungi ( Do not fit in other categories, Penicillium, athlete’s foot)
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Lichens Association of fungi with algae Unlike fungi, lichens are producers Found in variety of environments Soil fertility and colonization
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Plants
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Eukaryotes Multicellular Autotrophic Cells are surrounded by a cell wall – cellulose Contain chlorophyll Producers in the ecosystem
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Characteristics of plants Photosynthesis – Plants make food (glucose) and oxygen by utilizing carbon dioxide and water. Energy for this process is obtained from sunlight
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Characteristics of plants Cuticle – Waxy layer that coats the surfaces – Prevents loss of water – Vary in thickness – Depend on climate and environment
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Characteristics of plants Cell wall – Outermost layer of the cell – Made up of cellulose – Supports and protect the cell
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Characteristics of plants Cell wall
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Characteristics of plants Reproduction – Sporophyte – produce spores – Gametophyte – produce gametes
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Characteristics of plants Transport of materials – Xylem – a tissue that transports water – Phloem – a tissue that transports food – Collectively called as vascular tissues – Some plants lack vascular tissue
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Classification of plants Non-vascular plants – Lack vascular tissue – Small in size – Movement through diffusion – E.g. mosses, liverworts, hornworts
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Classification of plants Vascular plants – Contain vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) – Relatively larger in size – May be seedless plants or seed plants – i) seedless plants – donot produce seeds e.g. ferns, horsetails – ii) seed plants – produce seeds, divided into two groups Non-flowering plants (Gymnosperms) seeds not inside fruit e.g. pine Flowering plants (Angiosperms) seeds inside the fruits e.g. mango
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Classification of plants
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Seedless plants Non-vascular – Moses, liverworts – Small plants - Leafy stalks and rhizoids
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Seedless plants Non-vascular – Importance – Colonization – Decomposition and fertility – Prevent erosion – Sphagnum moss Increase water holding capacity of soil Prevent microbial growth (wound dressing, seed shipment) Dried (insulating material) Monitoring environment
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Seedless plants Vascular plants – Ferns
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Seedless plants Vascular plants – Importance – Soil formation, prevent erosion – Contribution to fossil fuels – Fiddlehead fern
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Seed Plants Characteristics – Produce seeds – Gametophytes are small – Pollens and pollination
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Seed Plants Seeds – Young plant, seed coat, stored food
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Seed Plants Seeds how animals help seeds grow?
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Seed Plants Gymnosperms – Don’t have flowers or fruits – Conifers, ginkgoes etc. – Used for wood – Produce resin – Drugs
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Seed Plants Gymnos perms
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Seed Plants Gymnosperms – life cycle
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Seed Plants Angiosperms – Produce flowers and fruits – Monocots and dicots
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Seed Plants Angiosperms – Food, fruits, crops – Wood – Habitat – Seeds and oils – Ornamental – Medicine and pharmaceutical products – Rubber, cotton, fabric, industrial products
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Compare life cycle of plants with those of bacteria, protists and fungi
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