1. Section 5: Ratifying the Constitution Essential Question: Describe the two opposing groups over the constitution and explain their views? Explain the role the a bill of rights played in the debate? Identify which key states were among the last to ratify the Constitution and explain why they were last?

2. Section 5: Ratifying the Constitution Debate over ratification of the Constitution: Antifederalists would create too powerful a national government concerned that a strong executive too closely resembled a monarch included no bill of rights describing the specific powers that would be left to the states and the people Included famous revolutionary figure Patrick Henry “Give me liberty, or give me death…”

3. Section 5: Ratifying the Constitution Debate over ratification of the Constitution: Federalists limited the national government’s power with a system of checks and balances by the three branches Recognized the need for a unified government able to make important decisions quickly (without states debating) guaranteed any unlisted powers of the national government to the states or the people (but originally did not EXPLICITLY write them out) Famous supporters- John Jay and Alexander Hamilton, authors of Federalist Papers (explanation of Const.)

4. Section 5: Ratifying the Constitution Role of the bill of rights in the debate: AF-concern that individual rights would go unprotected without a bill of rights AF-fears that an overly powerful and unjust national government would be created without a bill of rights F-argued that no bill of rights was necessary because the Constitution limited the powers of the national government to those listed F-Began to see that Anti-Federalists would not ratify without Bill of Rights

5. Section 5: Ratifying the Constitution Success!: Delaware is first state to ratify Constitution in 1787, appreciated great compromise giving them (small state) equal power in Senate Pennsylvania and New Jersey soon followed

6. Section 5: Ratifying the Constitution Last key states to ratify the Constitution: Virginia (Slave) New York (Free) North Carolina (Slave) Didn’t Ratify until Federalists promised that first legislative task under new constitution would be to write Bill of Rights!