1. Purposes of Punishment Crime Control Deterrence Incapacitation Rehabilitation Therapeutic Moral Purposes Moral example Demarcation Remediation Retribution Humiliation Penitence

2. Deterrence Sentence based on effectiveness in reducing rate and severity of criminal harm, not justice Assumes that criminal behavior proceeds from rational calculation Effectiveness highly variable among different types of crime Research shows severity less important than certainty of punishment

3. Crime Index Offenses Cleared by the Police (20% overall) Murder: 70%Larceny: 20% Agg. Assault: 60% Arson: 15% Rape: 50% Burglary: 15% Robbery: 25%Motor Vehicle Theft: 15%

5. Persons Executed for Interracial Murders 1973-2010

6. Other Studies of Racial Disparities In California, killers of whites were more than 3 X more likely to receive death sentences than if they killed minorities (Pierce & Radelet, 2005) In North Carolina, killers of whites were 3.5 X more likely to receive death sentences than if they killed minorities (Boger & Unah, 2001)

7. Race of Death Row Inmates 2010

8. North Carolina’s Racial Justice Act of 2009 Death-row inmates have the right to have their sentences commuted to life without parole if they can prove racial bias played a part in their death sentences. Law allows inmates to use data from studies that show bias in the judicial system statewide – need not show individualized evidence.

9. Support for Death Penalty 1936-2011

10. Is Death Penalty Fairly Applied, 2001-2011

11. Who Supports the Death Penalty? SupportOppose Men 6432 Women 5738 18-29 years old 5245 30-49 years old 6235 50-64 years old 6432 65 years & up 6529

12. Death Sentences 1977-2009

13. Executions 1977-2009

14. Death Sentences & Executions