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Published byGilbert Skinner Modified over 9 years ago
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HISCOM An Australian Virtual Herbarium Jim Croft Australian National Herbarium
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HISCOM Panel u HISCOM members F AD - Bill Barker F BRI - Peter Bostock F CANB - Greg Whitbread F DNA - Anne Fuchs F HO - F MEL - Marco Duretto, Paul Cholodniuk F NSW - Barry Conn F PERTH - Alex Chapman
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HISCOM This Presentation u Description of an AVH u Need for an AVH u Preparedness for a AVH u Options for an AVH
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HISCOM AVH - Keywords u Herbarium –Collections of botanical specimens –Sources of botanical knowledge and expertise –Sources of botanical information
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HISCOM AVH - Keywords u Virtual –Appearing as –Computer dependent –Graphic, visual –High Tech –On-line
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HISCOM AVH - Keywords u Australian –Implies national in coverage and view –States and territories –Government, educational –Distributed
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HISCOM Name Options u Australian Virtual Herbarium u Australian Herbarium Virtuality u Virtual Herbarium of Australia u Virtual Australian Herbarium
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HISCOM What is an AVH like? u Conceptual parallels in the: –Australian National Rare and Endangered Plant Collection –Australian National Fungi Collection –Australian National Plant Collection
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HISCOM Foci of the AVH u Past (and current) foci –data –database design –technology –networks u Focus for an AVH –Information
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HISCOM Why do we need an AVH? u Increasing expectations and demands on herbaria u Increasing costs of using duplicated data u Decreasing staff resources for herbaria u Gaps in individual data coverage u Competition from other sources u Demonstrable relevance of herbaria
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HISCOM Cost of Specimen Data u Excluding computing & herbarium support u $ 4 (- 5) per collection –c. $ 2 data entry –c. $ 2 geocode calculation/verification u Each duplicate redone by recipients u Maybe 4 - 6 duplicates per collection u 6 million herbarium specimens in Australia u Less than 50% databased
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HISCOM Costs of Other Data u Each herbarium maintains census u Each herbarium maintains taxonomy u Each taxonomist maintains a taxonomy u ? 5-6 x duplication of effort (Total curation costs: $ 25-50 / specimen)
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HISCOM Australian Herbarium Collections u Herbaria completely databased –BRI - 600 k –QRS - 100 k –DNA - 170 k –PERTH - 400 k
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HISCOM Australian Herbarium Collections u Herbaria partially databased –AD - 800 k (13 %) –CANB - 900 k (45 %) –HO - 350 k (20 %) –MEL - 1 M (6 %) –NSW - 900 k (25%)
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HISCOM Australian Herbarium Collections u Summary estimates from State Herbaria –November 1996 u c. 5.3 million collections u c. 2.2 million databased u c. 42 % databased
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HISCOM Australian Herbarium Collections u c. $ 12 M to complete the job! u c. $ 1.5 M if we share the task! u Divided views in the past: –High priority - do it now –Collect more - do it later
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HISCOM Benefits of an AVH u Shared and common data u Common standards u Common authority files u Shared data entry and curation u Access to a larger database u Access to larger body of expertise
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HISCOM Where have we come from? u Printed books, articles u Ledgers and cards (‘60s) u Simple databases (‘70s) u Complex databases (‘80s/90s) u Network connection (‘90s) u Exchange of and sharing data (‘90s)
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HISCOM Are we ready for an AVH? u Computerized collections data u Compatible database design u Common data standards u Agreed data interchange format (HISPID) u Increased technical understanding u Common purpose u Goodwill
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HISCOM Elements of an AVH –Plant name information –Specimen information –Observational information –Taxon information –Mapping and distributional information –Expanding botanical knowledge –Dissemination of knowledge –Linking with other programs
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HISCOM Elements of an AVH (cont.) u Plant name information –Nomenclatural –Taxonomic –Systematic –Typification –Bibliographic –Common names
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HISCOM Elements of an AVH (cont.) u Specimen information –Collections information –Transactions (accessions, loans) –Taxonomically authenticated point locality information –Images F live material, morphological, anatomical
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HISCOM Elements of an AVH (cont.) u Observational information –Surveys –Sightings –Anecdotal reports
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HISCOM Elements of an AVH (cont.) u Taxon information –Descriptive F Monographs, revisions, Floras, etc. –Images F live material, morphological, anatomical –Expert Identification systems F Intkey, Lucid, Meka, etc.
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HISCOM Elements of an AVH (cont.) u Mapping and distributional information –checklists, censuses –Electronic gazetteers –GIS output –Modeling –Predictive output
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HISCOM Elements of an AVH (cont.) u Expanding botanical knowledge –phylogenetic analysis –genetic studies –taxonomic research
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HISCOM Elements of an AVH (cont.) u Dissemination of knowledge –Basic data –Derived information –Published floras –Educational information –Biological information systems
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HISCOM Elements of an AVH (cont.) u Linking with other programs –Regional biodiversity, environmental, resource surveys F State and Territory surveys F Local Surveys
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HISCOM Elements of an AVH (cont.) u Linking with other programs (cont.) –National biodiversity, environmental, resource surveys F ABRS F TSCS (ESU) F NHT (Landcare, RFA, CRA, etc.) F ERIN F NRIC
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HISCOM Elements of an AVH (cont.) u Linking with other programs (cont.) –International projects F Plant Names Project F IOPI F Species 2000 F NSF/ASC collections projects F World Bank / GEF F Data repatriation
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HISCOM Elements of an AVH (cont.) u Tools and Technology –Network Connectivity: Internet, WWW –Database functionality –Applications
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HISCOM Can we build an AVH? u We have the technology u We have the ability u We have the data u We have the protocols and standards u Do we have the will?
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HISCOM Where to start? u We are exchanging data u Taxonomic and census data u Specimen data u Build a virtual type herbarium? u ?
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HISCOM Principles for an AVH –Shared –Collaborative –Distributed –Dynamic –Accessible –Authoritative –Strategic and proactive –Relevant
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HISCOM
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