1. 1 | Program Name or Ancillary Texteere.energy.gov Water Power Peer Review Reference Model Development Richard Jepsen Sandia National Labs rajepse@sandia.govrajepse@sandia.gov; 505-284-2767 November 2, 2011 [Title of larger project, if applicable]

2. 2 | Wind and Water Power Programeere.energy.gov Purpose, Objectives, & Integration Goal: Develop a representative set of Reference Models (RM) for the MHK industry to develop baseline cost of energy (COE) and evaluate key cost component/system reduction pathways. Motivation: Need for COE targets with regard to technology type. Identify future innovation opportunities to prioritize research and cost reduction pathways –Promote and assist a vibrant and cost effective MHK industry –Develop and disseminate system design tools and/or MHK models for the development of advanced MHK designs (DOE Goal – 10 platforms)

3. 3 | Wind and Water Power Programeere.energy.gov Water Power Program Chart Water Power Energy R&D IV. MHK Technology 1.0 MHK Technology Development 1.1 MHK Technology Research, Design, Test & Evaluation MHK Technology Development, Deployment and Validation - Labs 20721 Technical Support of Marine & Hydrokinetic Technology SNL 21959 1.1.5 FOA Support for MHK Technolog y Research, Design, Test, & Evaluation 1.2 MHK Technology Assessment Technology & Project Database Maintenance 21037 MHK Technology and Project Database SNL 21371 1.2.1 Technology Classification 1.2.1.2 Database Development & Maintenance to Support MHK Technology Assessmen t - Labs 21038 SNL and re vision Subcontract SNL 21373 1.2.5 Reference Model Development 1.2.5.1 Turbine or Wave Converter 1.2.5.2 Anchoring and Mooring 1.2.5.3 Power Take- off and Grid Connection 1.2.5.4 Inflow 1.2.5.5 Bathymetry and Sediment 1.2.5.6 Marine Life and Habitat 1.2.5.7 Far Field Effects/Reservoir 1.2.5.8 Economic Analysis 1.2.5.9 Model Integration 1.3 MHK Research, Tools, and Testing Research Tools and Methods- Labs 20689 Supporting Research and Testing for MHK SNL 20068 (20064) 1.3.1 Wave Energy System Design & Modeling 1.3.1.1 Wave Energy Converter Device Modeling 1.3.1.2 Array Performance Modeling & Optimization 1.3.1.3 Wave Environment Hydrology 1.3.2 Current/Tidal System Design & Modeling 1.3.2.1 Current & Tidal Single Turbine Performance & Dynamics Modeling 1.3.2.2 Current & Tidal Array Performance & Dynamics Modeling 1.3.2.3 Ocean Current, River, & Tidal Hydrology for Inflow Modeling 1.3.2.4 Current & Tidal Turbine Design 1.3.5 System Reliability & Survivability 1.3.5.2 Current and Tidal Device Reliability and Survivability 1.3.4 Advanced Materials & Manufacturing 1.3.4.1 Manufacturing 1.3.4.2 Materials & Coatings 1.4.1 Instrumentation, Testing and Evaluation 1.4.1.2 Lab Evaluation & Testing in Large Open Channel Flume 1.4.1.3 Test Protocol Development 1.4.1.4 Instrumentatio n System Development 1.4.1.7 Lab Evaluation & Testing 1.4.1.8 Large Scale Test Assessment Engineering Support for Research, Tools, and Testing SNL 21969 1.3.7 Engineering Support for Research, Tools, and Testing 1.3.7.1 Cardinal Engineering Support Technical Support 20844 Technical Support SNL 20834 1.3.6 MHK Tech Dev Technical Support 1.3.6.1 Technical Support 2.0 MHK Market Acceleration 2.1 Environmental Impacts and Siting Environmental Assessment and Mitigation Methods for MHK Energy 20690 Tools and Methods to Measure/Predict Environmental Impacts SNL 20075 (20074) 2.1.2 Effects on the Physical Environment 2.1.2.1 Hydrodynamics 2.1.2.2 Sediment Transport Dynamics 2.1.2.3 Water Quality & Food Web 2.1.3 Effects on Aquatic Organisms 2.1.3.2 Acoustics V. Conventional Hydropower 3.0 CH Technology Development & Deployment 3.3 Supporting Research and Testing Supporting Research and Testing for Hydropower 20687 Water-Use Optimization SNL 20082 3.3.1 Hydropower Optimization Toolbox 3.3.1.1 Optimization Tool set Testing and Demonstratio n 3.3.1.2 Project Integration 3.3.1.7 Seasonal Hydrosystems Analysis 3.3.1.7.1 Sub- basin Model Framework & Scope 3.3.1.7.2 Seasonal Forecasting and Optimization Algorithm 3.3.1.7.3 Develop the Seasonal Hydrosystems Analysis Tool 4.0 CH Market Acceleration 4.3 Economic Analyses & Market Development Hydropower Grid Services 20693 Quantifying the Full Value of Hydropower in the Transmission Grid EPRI/SNL 20063 4.3.3 Hydropower Market Design 4.3.3.1 Valuation of Grid Services 4.3.3.2 Grid Services and Integration Modeling

4. 4 | Wind and Water Power Programeere.energy.gov Purpose, Objectives, & Integration Reference Models Integrate WP Program Reference Models Device Development MHK Industry Environmental Studies NMRECs, Nat’l Labs, Research Inst’s, Industry Technology Research NMRECs, Nat’l Labs, Research Inst’s, Industry Cost Assessment DOE, Nat’l Labs, Industry

5. 5 | Wind and Water Power Programeere.energy.gov Project Team and Organization: FY11 DOE Water Power Tidal Turbine: NREL Technology: NREL, ARL, Re Vision Resource: UW, SNL, ORNL, PNNL River Turbine: SNL Technology: SNL, ARL, Re Vision Resource: SNL, PNNL, ORNL WEC Point Absorber: NREL/Re Vision Technology: NREL, Re Vision, OSU Resource: Re Vision, SNL, PNNL, ORNL Project Lead: SNL/Cardinal Engineering Economic Analysis: Re Vision

6. 6 | Wind and Water Power Programeere.energy.gov Technical Approach These reference models focus on simple, robust designs and tools for each market technology. In this way, reference models and established site parameters or inputs can be used as well understood, conservative benchmarks for laboratory, industry and university users to validate their computational tools. Furthermore, industry users could utilize the reference model results for benchmarking and comparing the performance, loads and cost of new concepts and components. Each reference model will be validated with experimental results from subscale and full-scale prototypes. The outcome will be such that users can compare more exotic and complex designs, model approaches and results with others of known accuracy that have been validated by testing and reviewed by subject matter experts.

7. 7 | Wind and Water Power Programeere.energy.gov Plan, Schedule, & Budget Schedule Initiation date: May, 2010 Planned completion date: September 30, 2013 The following are the major Milestones for this project: –Final report on first three Reference Models (Tidal Turbine, River Turbine, and Point Absorber WEC). September 30, 2011 –Final report on next three Reference Models (Ocean Current Turbine, Oscillating Water Column WEC, and Surge Type WEC). September 30, 2012 –Final report on final three Reference Models (Model devices TBD). September 30, 2013 Budget: There are no variances from the planned budget. 85% of the budget has been invoiced Budget History* FY2009FY2010FY2011 DOECost-shareDOECost-shareDOECost-share --$343k-$1,800k- *SNL budget only for direct costs and contracts to Re Vision and university partners. Does not include funding (~$700k) to other National Labs

8. 8 | Wind and Water Power Programeere.energy.gov Accomplishments and Results Although just begun in May 2010: –Performance and cost results for 1 st three models –Have demonstrated that a techno-enviro-economic model makes sense and can: Provide a synergistic purpose Suggest focal points for cost reduction Create an ability to compare and contrast radically different devices –Design methods have been implemented and improved NREL led workshops on modeling/analysis and test instrumentation –Generated interest among US developers, both to validate and improve performance and to act as a credential for investors DOE-funded development leverages new data from device design and demonstration –Final reports for 1 st three models scheduled for November 2011 (due to DOE on 9/30/11)

9. 9 | Wind and Water Power Programeere.energy.gov First Three Reference Models 9 RM#1 Tidal Turbine RM#2 River Turbine RM#3 WEC Point Absorber

10. 10 | Wind and Water Power Programeere.energy.gov Development and Application of Analysis Tools Pressure (Pa) Vorticity iso- surface CACTUS (Code for the Analysis of Cross and axial- flow TUrbine Simulation) STAR CCM+

11. 11 | Wind and Water Power Programeere.energy.gov Point Absorber Survivability: Tank Test & Analysis UC Berkeley Wave Tank Test (H=2m to H=20m) CFD simulation – NREL- STAR CCM 5 th -order Stokes waves wave height H=4 m; wave period T=10sec) Wave height H=6 m & wave period T=10sec (full scale)

12. 12 | Wind and Water Power Programeere.energy.gov Impact on COE Effects of Device Size Effects of Power Density Cost Drivers

13. 13 | Wind and Water Power Programeere.energy.gov Accomplishments –Validation testing for WEC model –Preliminary report on first three models Includes performance and COE estimates Already demonstrating areas for future improvements/investments Upcoming Milestones and Products –Final Report for Version 1 of first three models (Sept. 2011) –Initiated designs and concepts for next three models (2 WECs and 1 Turbine) due at end of FY12 –Validation testing for turbine models 1 and 2 Accomplishments and Results

14. 14 | Wind and Water Power Programeere.energy.gov Challenges to Date The largest challenge was defining and coordinating a relatively large project amongst several National Labs, universities and industry. This was compounded by having a mid-year start and maintaining an accelerated schedule. There were challenges for all contributors to assign appropriate staffing and other resources to meet the aggressive goals. The project team worked well to support each other for various project components. Some staffing reorganization was required by National Lab participants and university support was solicited and acquired to meet the projects’ objectives. These challenges were met successfully and the project remained on budget and on schedule.

15. 15 | Wind and Water Power Programeere.energy.gov Next Steps FY12 Plans –Final Report for Version 1 of first three models (Sept. 2011 to DOE, Nov/Dec Public Release) –Initiated designs and concepts for next three models (2 WECs and 1 Turbine) due at end of FY12 –Validation testing for turbine models 1 and 2 The results of this work will impact DOE investment decisions for future research and industry support. The work could be expanded to allow for future iterations of each reference model as test data becomes available and model refinements improve predictions and uncertainties

16. 16 | Wind and Water Power Programeere.energy.gov Next Three Models