2. Learning Targets  I can convert between kWh, therms, BTUs, gallons of fuel, and lbs. of CO2  I can compare energy usage statistics at the local, state and national level and hypothesize reasons for the differences.

3. Classroom Heating Lab  Use your data on window square footage and temp. to complete the classroom heating lab in your lab book.  Do everything but the extension

4. Energy Usage Statistics  Find the document on my website called “Examining our Current Energy Status”  Complete and submit to me as a Google doc. This is due Tuesday, along with Module 35 notes and end of SECTION multiple choice. thardtke@tahomasd.us

5. Unit 7 Test- Farming and Land Use Mult Choice (out of 40) A = 36-40 B = 32-35 C = 28-31 D = 24-27 Retakes for 27 and below Q’s dropped: 3 and 32 (test A) 13 and 16 (test B) FRQ (out of 10)  BTW, a 1.5 multiplier was added in the gradebook, so the FRQ is out of 15

6. Unit 7 Test Corrections- Mult. Choice  This time- don’t correct each one.  Find and record the major concept or key term you missed associated with that question.  Resolve parts of the FRQ you missed. Need to retake it? Please do that by next Friday afternoon!

7. Last slide 1/8/15

8. How Did We Get Here?  Industrial Revolution  Exponential Growth  Energy Crisis

9. Energy Crisis  Pre 1970 - Oil was relatively plentiful and cheap  Formation of OPEC – started in 1960  Countries currently in OPEC: Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela  Account for 79% of world reserves & 44% of world production  Goals:  Safeguarding interests by setting the price of a barrel of oil  ensuring stable supply and demand in int’l oil markets

10. Events of the 1970’s  Arab members of OPEC refuse to ship oil to the U.S. and most of Western Europe (1973)  Wanted countries to stop supporting Israel in Yom Kippur War with Syria & Egypt  U.S. was using cheap oil to make other products (particularly plastics) and selling them back to OPEC countries at much higher rates. (Sometimes 300% inflation)  Revolution in Iran slows production (1979)

12. Consequences  Petroleum prices quadruple  Schools close in the winter for lack of heating oil  Manufacturing plants close or lay people off  Increased interest in alternative energies  Global recession

13. Establishment of Strategic Petroleum Reserves in 1975  Emergency supply of crude oil in salt caverns along the Gulf of Mexico  Currently holds around 1 billion gallons of oil  Approximate 57 day supply

14. National Petroleum Reserve  Formalized in 1976  Largest area of undisturbed wilderness in U.S.  Approximately 896 million barrels of oil  Development started in 1990’s  Disagreements with Inupiat’s & env. groups – lots of lawsuits  Bureau of Land Management just decided to allow oil production (2/2015)

15. ANWR

16. Energy Conservation TOPIC OUTLINE V.F

18. Two Choices …  Use less through personal choices  OR  Increase efficiency of use  http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/2014715242_facebookser ver08.html http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/2014715242_facebookser ver08.html  Both of these peaked in the late 1970’s, steeply dropped in the 1990’s and haven’t risen much since then

19. National Appliance Energy Conservation Act - 1987  Set minimum energy efficiency requirements on appliances  Eventually led to formation of Energy Star  Voluntary program to build factories, office buildings, houses, and appliances that exceed these standards  http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=products.pr_find_es_products http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=products.pr_find_es_products

20. Incandescent vs. Compact Fluorescent  Easy bake ovens and incandescent light bulbs  http://www.msnbc.msn.com/ id/3032619/ns/nightly_news/# 41768619 http://www.msnbc.msn.com/ id/3032619/ns/nightly_news/# 41768619  http://www.nytimes.com/200 9/09/01/business/energy- environment/01iht-bulb.html http://www.nytimes.com/200 9/09/01/business/energy- environment/01iht-bulb.html  75% of the energy that goes into an incandescent is lost as heat and is not used for light

21. Next new light – LED’s  http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id /3032619/ns/NBCNightlyNews/ #44034437 http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id /3032619/ns/NBCNightlyNews/ #44034437

22.  What is saved besides electricity by using a compact fluorescent?  GHG’s, Air Pollution, Mining costs, Landfill space  If each household switched out one incandescant for a compact fluorescent the energy saved would be approximately equal to taking 1 million cars off the road

23. Areas targeted by efficiency improvements Window on the right is an energy star window in winter 1)Insulation 2)Windows 3)Tight construction /caulking 4)Heating/coo ling systems 5)Appliances

24. Cogeneration - capture and reuse “waste” heat

25. CAFE Standards – Corporate Average Fuel Efficiency Federal Standards for MPG in cars & trucks

26.  2007 model year CAFE standard for cars was 27.5 mpg and light trucks 22.2 mpg (SUV’s are excempt as they are classified as heavy trucks/farm vehicles)  Many companies did not meet this standard and paid fines  Why would they make this choice?  By 2020  35 mpg

27. Hybrids and Electric Cars  Hybrids use a combination of gas, generators, and batteries  Electric cars – use electricity to charge a battery  Seattle was chosen as a test city for the Nissan leaf – Why?  http://www.seattlepi.com/transportation/416374_leaf9.html http://www.seattlepi.com/transportation/416374_leaf9.html